Colorado Code § 13-21-117

Civil liability - mental health providers - duty to warn - definitions
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(1) 
As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) "Mental health provider" means a physician, social worker, psychiatric nurse,
psychologist, or other mental health professional, or a mental health hospital, behavioral health
entity, institution, or their staff.
(b) "Psychiatric nurse" means a registered professional nurse as defined in section 12-
255-104 (11) who, by virtue of postgraduate education and additional nursing preparation, has
gained knowledge, judgment, and skill in psychiatric or mental health nursing.
(2) (a) A mental health provider is not liable for damages in any civil action for failure to
warn or protect a specific person or persons, including those identifiable by their association
with a specific location or entity, against the violent behavior of a person receiving treatment
from the mental health provider, and any such mental health provider must not be held civilly
liable for failure to predict such violent behavior except where the patient has communicated to
the mental health provider a serious threat of imminent physical violence against a specific
person or persons, including those identifiable by their association with a specific location or
entity.
(b) When there is a duty to warn and protect under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this
subsection (2), the mental health provider shall make reasonable and timely efforts to notify the
person or persons, or the person or persons responsible for a specific location or entity, that is
specifically threatened, as well as to notify an appropriate law enforcement agency or to take
other appropriate action, including but not limited to hospitalizing the patient. A mental health
provider is not liable for damages in any civil action for warning a specific person or persons, or
a person or persons responsible for a specific location or entity, against or predicting the violent
behavior of a person receiving treatment from the mental health provider.
(c) A mental health provider must not be subject to professional discipline when there is
a duty to warn and protect pursuant to this section.
(3) The provisions of this section do not apply to the negligent release of a patient from
any mental health hospital or ward or to the negligent failure to initiate involuntary seventy-two-
hour treatment and evaluation after a personal patient evaluation determining that the person
appears to have a mental health disorder and, as a result of the mental health disorder, appears to
be an imminent danger to others.

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