North Dakota Code § 9-03-09

Constructive fraud defined
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Constructive fraud consists:
1. In any breach of duty which, without an actually fraudulent intent, gains an advantage 
to the person in fault or anyone claiming under that person, by misleading another to 
the other's prejudice or to the prejudice of anyone claiming under the other; or
2. In any such act or omission as the law specially declares to be fraudulent without 
respect to actual fraud.

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