North Dakota Code § 9-03-08

Actual fraud defined
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Actual fraud within the meaning of this title consists in any of the following acts committed 
by a party to the contract, or with the party's connivance, with intent to deceive another party 
thereto or to induce the other party to enter into the contract:
1. The suggestion as a fact of that which is not true by one who does not believe it to be 
true;
2. The positive assertion, in a manner not warranted by the information of the person 
making it, of that which is not true though that person believes it to be true;

3. The suppression of that which is true by one having knowledge or belief of the fact;
4. A promise made without any intention of performing it; or
5. Any other act fitted to deceive.

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