North Dakota Code § 41-08-08

(8-108) Warranties in direct holding
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1. A person who transfers a certificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the 
purchaser, and an endorser, if the transfer is by endorsement, warrants to any 
subsequent purchaser, that:
a. The certificate is genuine and has not been materially altered;
b. The transferor or endorser does not know of any fact that might impair the validity 
of the security;
c. There is no adverse claim to the security;
d. The transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer;

e. If the transfer is by endorsement, the endorsement is made by an appropriate 
person, or if the endorsement is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act 
on behalf of the appropriate person; and
f. The transfer is otherwise effective and rightful.
2. A person who originates an instruction for registration of transfer of an uncertificated 
security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser that:
a. The instruction is made by an appropriate person, or if the instruction is by an 
agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person;
b. The security is valid;
c. There is no adverse claim to the security; and
d. At the time the instruction is presented to the issuer:
(1) The purchaser will be entitled to the registration of transfer;
(2) The transfer will be registered by the issuer free from all liens, security 
interests, restrictions, and claims other than those specified in the 
instruction;
(3) The transfer will not violate any restriction on transfer; and
(4) The requested transfer will otherwise be effective and rightful.
3. A person who transfers an uncertificated security to a purchaser for value and does 
not originate an instruction in connection with the transfer warrants that:
a. The uncertificated security is valid;
b. There is no adverse claim to the security;
c. The transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer; and
d. The transfer is otherwise effective and rightful.
4. A person who endorses a security certificate warrants to the issuer that:
a. There is no adverse claim to the security; and
b. The endorsement is effective.
5. A person who originates an instruction for registration of transfer of an uncertificated 
security warrants to the issuer that:
a. The instruction is effective; and
b. At the time the instruction is presented to the issuer the purchaser will be entitled 
to the registration of transfer.
6. A person who presents a certificated security for registration of transfer or for payment 
or exchange warrants to the issuer that the person is entitled to the registration, 
payment, or exchange, but a purchaser for value and without notice of adverse claims 
to whom transfer is registered warrants only that the person has no knowledge of any 
unauthorized signature in a necessary endorsement.
7. If a person acts as agent of another in delivering a certificated security to a purchaser, 
the identity of the principal was known to the person to whom the certificate was 
delivered, and the certificate delivered by the agent was received by the agent from 
the principal or received by the agent from another person at the direction of the 
principal, the person delivering the security certificate warrants only that the delivering 
person has authority to act for the principal and does not know of any adverse claim to 
the certificated security.
8. A secured party who redelivers a security certificate received, or after payment and on 
order of the debtor delivers the security certificate to another person, makes only the 
warranties of an agent under subsection 7.
9. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 7, a broker acting for a customer makes to 
the issuer and a purchaser the warranties provided in subsections 1 through 6. A 
broker that delivers a security certificate to its customer, or causes its customer to be 
registered as the owner of an uncertificated security, makes to the customer the 
warranties provided in subsection 1 or 2, and has the rights and privileges of a 
purchaser under this section. The warranties of and in favor of the broker acting as an 
agent are in addition to applicable warranties given by and in favor of the customer.

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