§ 340-d. Construction, improvement and maintenance of state\nexpressways. 1. The expressways set forth and described in section three\nhundred forty-c of the highway law shall be constructed or improved\naccording to such designs and types as determined by the commissioner of\ntransportation, subject to the provisions of federal aid therefor. Each\nstate expressway shall ultimately provide for not less than two lanes of\ntraffic in each direction. Opposing traffic on every completed state\nexpressway shall ultimately be separated by a mall generally or the\ncommissioner of transportation may separate such opposing traffic by\nsuch other alignment of respective lanes of traffic which, in his\njudgment, is practicable, because of topographic conditions and is\nbeneficial to the public interest. Access from one traffic direction to\nthe other shall be provided only at such points and in such manner as\nthe commissioner of transportation shall determine. Any state highway,\nor portion thereof may be utilized and become a part of any state\nexpressway when authorized by the commissioner of transportation.\nAccess or branch connections from any such state expressway or section\nthereof to any highway, road or street shall, in the discretion of the\ncommissioner of transportation, be included in the plans, specifications\nand estimates and shall be constructed according to such design and type\nas the commissioner of transportation shall deem to be suitable for the\npurpose thereof. For any portion or section of a state expressway\nauthorized within the corporate limits of a city, provision shall be\nmade for access thereto from existing streets at points designated by\nthe commissioner of transportation. The commissioner of transportation\nmay set monuments on the boundaries of such state expressway, and he may\ncause fences to be erected along or adjacent to such boundaries, and he\nis authorized to install suitable lighting, directional and protective\nfacilities, devices and appurtenances, if he deems it necessary in the\ninterest of public safety. The maintenance and repair of state\nexpressways shall include the control of snow and ice and shall be done\nby forces of the department of transportation or by such other method or\nmethods as determined by the commissioner, under his direct supervision\nand control and any inconsistent provisions of this chapter are\nsuperseded insofar as they conflict with this provision. The cost of\nsuch maintenance and repair shall be borne wholly by the state and be\npaid for from moneys appropriated therefor by the legislature.\n 2. The commissioner of transportation is authorized to classify any\npart of a state expressway as a controlled access highway pursuant to\nthis chapter. Highway crossings at grade and railroad grade crossings\nshall be eliminated generally by structures to be determined by the\ncommissioner of transportation, who is hereby given authority to\ncombine, connect, alter, reconstruct, terminate or relocate intersecting\nhighways, streets, or roads to adjust traffic to such grade separation\nstructures, or any portion of a state expressway or connection. In the\ndiscretion of the commissioner of transportation, a structure may be\nconstructed to eliminate an existing crossing at grade of a railroad and\na highway which intersects or closely parallels a state expressway. The\nentire cost of structures constructed pursuant to this paragraph as so\ndetermined by the commissioner of transportation shall be included in\nthe cost of the state expressway. Structures constructed pursuant to\nthis paragraph shall be maintained and repaired by the state. Highways\ncombined, connected, altered, reconstructed, relocated or carried over\nor under a state expressway section or connection, under the provisions\nof this paragraph, shall, upon completion of the work, revert to and\nbecome the responsibility with regard to maintenance and repair, of the\nstate, municipality, authority, c
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