Wisconsin Code § 287.175

Battery collection and recycling
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(1) DEFINITIONS. In this section:
(a) “Battery containing product” means a product that contains or is packaged with a covered battery. “Battery containing
product” does not include a product that is an eligible electronic
device, as defined in s. 287.17 (1) (gs).
(b) “Battery stewardship organization” means an entity that
has been designated by one or more producers to implement a
battery stewardship plan under this section. “Battery stewardship
organization” does not include a state agency, as defined in s.
16.004 (12) (a).
(c) “Collection rate” means the percentage calculated by dividing the total weight of covered batteries collected in this state
by a battery stewardship organization in a calendar year by the average annual weight of covered batteries estimated to have been

sold in this state by all producers during that same calendar year
and the previous 2 calendar years.
(d) “Covered battery” means a portable battery or a medium
format battery that is intended or designed to be easily removed,
or is capable of being easily removed, using common household
tools. “Covered battery” does not include any of the following:
1. A battery, contained in a medical device that is regulated
under the federal food, drug and cosmetic act, 21 USC 301 to
394, that is not designed or marketed for sale or resale at retail locations for personal use.
2. A battery that contains an electrolyte as a free liquid or a
product that contains such a battery.
3. A lead acid battery subject to the requirements of s. 287.18
or a product that contains such a battery.
(e) “Medium format battery” means any of the following:
1. For primary batteries, a battery that weighs more than 4.4
pounds but not more than 25 pounds.
2. For rechargeable batteries, a battery that weighs more than
11 pounds, or that has a rating of more than 300 watt-hours, or
both, but that does not weigh more than 25 pounds or have a rating of more than 2,000 watt-hours.
(f) “Portable battery” means any of the following:
1. For primary batteries, a battery that weighs no more than
4.4 pounds.
2. For rechargeable batteries, a battery that weighs no more
than 11 pounds and that has a rating of no more than 300 watthours.
(g) “Primary battery” means a battery that is not capable of
being recharged.
(h) 1. “Producer” means a person that sells, offers for sale, or
distributes for sale a covered battery or battery containing product in or into this state and that is any of the following:
a. If the covered battery or battery containing product is sold
under a brand of the battery’s or product’s manufacturer, the person that manufactures the battery or product.
b. If the covered battery or battery containing product is sold
under a retail brand or under a brand owned by a person other
than the battery’s or product’s manufacturer, the person that owns
the brand.
c. If subd. 1. a. and b. do not apply, the person that is the licensee of a brand or trademark under which the covered battery
or battery containing product is sold, offered for sale, or distributed for sale in or into this state, regardless of whether the trademark is registered in this state.
d. If subd. 1. a. to c. do not apply to any person within the
United States, the person that is the importer of record for the
covered battery or battery containing product into the United
States for the purpose of selling, offering for sale, or distributing
for sale the battery or product in or into this state.
2. “Producer” does not include a retailer unless the retailer
owns the brand under which a covered battery or battery containing product is sold.
(i) “Rechargeable battery” means a battery that contains one
or more voltaic or galvanic cells electrically connected to produce
electric energy and that is designed to be recharged.
(j) “Recycling” means the process by which covered batteries
or battery containing products are returned to productive use as
material or energy, including the collection and transport of batteries for recycling. “Recycling” does not include destruction by
incineration or other processes or land disposal of recyclable materials and does not include reuse, repair, or any other process by
which batteries or battery containing products are returned in
their original form or in a form for secondary use.
(k) “Recycling efficiency rate” means the percentage calculated by dividing the weight of components and materials recycled by a battery stewardship organization by the weight of covered batteries collected by the battery stewardship organization.
(L) “Retailer” means a person that only sells or offers for sale
a covered battery or battery containing product in this state. “Retailer” does not include a producer.
(2) PROHIBITIONS. (a) Beginning on January 1, 2027, no
producer may sell, offer for sale, or distribute for sale in or into
this state any covered battery or battery containing product unless
the producer has designated a battery stewardship organization to
implement a battery stewardship plan approved by the department under this section and listed by the department on its website under sub. (8) (f) 3. A producer may contract their obligations under this paragraph to another producer if the producer being contracted is a member of a battery stewardship organization
in this state.
(b) Beginning on January 1, 2027, no producer may sell, offer
for sale, or distribute for sale in or into this state any covered battery or battery containing product unless the covered battery or
battery in the battery containing product is marked with an identification of the producer of the battery. This paragraph does not
apply if the battery is less than one-half inch in diameter or does
not contain a surface with a length that exceeds one-half inch.
(c) Beginning on January 1, 2029, no producer may sell, offer
for sale, or distribute for sale in or into this state any covered battery or battery containing product unless the covered battery or
battery in the battery containing product is marked to ensure
proper collection and recycling, by identifying the chemistry of
the battery and including an indication that the battery should not
be disposed of as household waste.
(d) A producer, retailer, or battery stewardship organization
may not charge a point-of-sale fee to consumers to cover the costs
of implementing a battery stewardship plan approved under this
section.
(3) BATTERY STEWARDSHIP PLAN. (a) Plan submittal. No
later than January 1, 2027, each battery stewardship organization
shall submit a battery stewardship plan to the department for approval. A battery stewardship plan approved by the department
shall have a term of no more than 5 years and shall include all of
the following:
1. The names and contact information for each producer that
has designated the battery stewardship organization to implement
the battery stewardship plan.
2. The brands of all of the covered batteries that each producer under subd. 1. sells, offers for sale, or distributes for sale in
or into this state. All such brands shall be covered by the battery
stewardship plan.
3. Performance goals under the plan, and a process for
achieving these goals. Performance goals shall include target collection rates for rechargeable batteries and for primary batteries;
target recycling efficiency rates of at least 60 percent for
rechargeable batteries and 70 percent for primary batteries; and
goals for public awareness, convenience, and accessibility. The
collection rate goals for each of the first 3 years of implementation of the battery stewardship organization’s approved plan shall
be based on the estimated total weight of covered batteries that
have been sold in this state in the previous 3 calendar years by the
producers participating in the plan.
4. A process for making retailers aware of the requirement
under sub. (2) (b).
5. Consumer awareness goals and a description of the education and outreach strategy that the battery stewardship organization will implement to promote participation in the organization’s
approved plan and to provide information necessary for the effective participation of consumers, retailers, and others.
6. A process for making available to collection sites, for voluntary use, signage, written materials, and other promotional ma-

terials to inform consumers of the available end-of-life management options for covered batteries collected under the battery
stewardship organization’s approved plan.
7. Collection site safety training procedures related to covered battery collection activities at collection sites, including a
description of operating protocols to reduce risks of spills or
fires, response protocols in the event of a spill or fire, and protocols for safe management of damaged batteries that are returned
to collection sites.
8. A method for fully funding the battery stewardship organization’s approved plan in a manner that equitably distributes the
plan’s costs among the producers under subd. 1. on the basis of
each producer’s actual share of covered batteries collected under
the plan.
9. Provisions for collecting covered batteries at no cost, regardless of the brand or producer of the covered battery, on a continuous, convenient, visible, and accessible basis.
10. The addresses of collection sites that will accept covered
batteries under the plan, and the criteria used to determine
whether an entity may serve as a collection site.
11. The names of proposed service providers, including
sorters, transporters, and processors, to be used for the final disposition of batteries.
12. Provisions for recordkeeping, tracking, and documenting
the management and disposition of collected covered batteries.
13. An explanation for any delay anticipated by the battery
stewardship organization in managing medium-format batteries.
(b) Annual fee. A battery stewardship organization shall pay
a fee of $75,000 to the department upon approval of a plan under
this section and a fee of $75,000 annually thereafter. Fees paid
under this paragraph shall be deposited in the environmental
fund.
(c) Plan expiration and resubmittal. A battery stewardship
organization shall submit a new plan to the department for approval no less than every 5 years. If the performance goals under
the previously approved plan have not been met, the new plan
shall include corrective measures to be implemented by the battery stewardship organization to meet those performance goals,
which may include improvements to the collection site network
or increased expenditures dedicated to education and outreach.
(d) Plan amendments. A battery stewardship organization
shall provide plan amendments to the department for approval
when proposing material changes to the approved plan.
(e) Notification of certain changes. A battery stewardship organization implementing a plan approved under this section shall
notify the department within 90 days of a producer beginning or
ceasing participation in the battery stewardship organization, or
within 90 days of adding or removing a processor or transporter
under the approved plan.
(f) More than one battery stewardship organization; cost
sharing. 1. The department may approve plans under this section
from more than one battery stewardship organization.
2. The department may approve plans that equitably share
the costs, among other battery stewardship organizations, of implementing the parts of those plans that benefit such
organizations.
(4) COSTS AND REIMBURSEMENT. (a) Costs of implementation. A battery stewardship organization implementing a plan approved under sub. (3) is responsible for all costs associated with
implementing the plan, unless the approved plan allows for cost
sharing among other battery stewardship organizations with approved plans, as provided under sub. (3) (f).
(b) Reimbursement of local governments. A battery stewardship organization implementing a plan approved under this section shall reimburse local governmental units for actual costs incurred as a result of a local government facility or solid waste facility serving as a collection site under the plan.
(c) Collecting fees from producers. A battery stewardship organization implementing a plan approved under this section shall
collect fees from participating producers sufficient to cover the
costs of implementation, including battery collection, transportation, and processing; education and outreach; and program evaluation. Fees for processing a battery may be assessed only to the
producers of batteries of the same chemistry, and only in direct
proportion to that producer’s share of batteries reported for that
chemistry. Fees shall not be assessed in a manner that results in a
producer subsidizing the processing of batteries of a chemistry
different from the chemistry of the batteries the producer produces. Any fees charged to a producer by a battery stewardship
organization shall be reasonable and represent, to the greatest extent possible, actual costs of administering the battery stewardship plan.
(5) COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF COVERED BATTERIES. (a) A battery stewardship organization implementing a plan
approved under this section shall do all of the following:
1. Provide for the collection of all covered batteries from any
person, regardless of the chemistry or brand of the battery, on a
free, continuous, convenient, visible, and accessible basis.
2. Provide to collection sites under the plan, at no cost to the
sites, suitable collection containers for covered batteries that are
segregated from other solid waste, or make alternative arrangements for the collection of such batteries at the site, with the
agreement of the collection site.
3. Ensure that medium format batteries are collected only at
household hazardous waste collection sites or other staffed collection sites that meet applicable federal, state, and local requirements for managing medium format batteries.
4. Provide for the collection of damaged and defective batteries, by persons trained to handle and ship such batteries, at collection sites and at each permanent household hazardous waste facility and each household hazardous waste collection event provided by the department. In this paragraph, “damaged and defective batteries” means batteries that are damaged or that have been
identified by the manufacturer as being defective for safety reasons, and that have the potential to produce a dangerous evolution
of heat, fire, or short circuit.
5. Ensure statewide collection opportunities for all covered
batteries.
6. Coordinate activities with others, such as electronic waste
recyclers and other battery stewardship plan operators, to provide
efficient delivery of services and avoid unnecessary duplication
of effort and expense. A battery stewardship organization shall
use existing public and private waste collection services and facilities, transporters, consolidators, processors, and retailers if
cost-effective, mutually agreeable, and otherwise practical. Participation by public and private waste collection services and facilities, transporters, consolidators, processors, and retailers shall
be voluntary.
7. No later than December 31, 2028, provide at least one permanent collection site for portable batteries within a 15-mile radius for at least 95 percent of state residents and at least one permanent collection site, collection service, or collection event for
portable batteries for every 30,000 residents of each county.
8. For medium format batteries, provide all of the following
no later than December 31, 2028:
a. At least 10 permanent collection sites in this state.
b. Collection sites that are reasonably dispersed throughout
this state.
c. A collection event at least once every 3 years in each
county that does not have a permanent collection site, which must

provide for the collection of all medium format batteries, including damaged and defective medium format batteries.
9. Use as a collection site or the site of a collection event any
entity that meets the criteria for a collection site or collection
event under an approved battery stewardship plan and that requests to serve as a collection site or collection event, up to the
number of collection sites required to comply with subds. 7. and
8.
(b) A battery stewardship organization implementing a plan
approved under this section may issue a warning to, suspend, or
terminate a collection site or service that does not comply with
the criteria under the approved plan or that poses an immediate
concern to health and safety.
(c) A battery stewardship organization implementing a plan
approved under this section is not required to provide for the collection of recalled batteries, battery containing products, or covered batteries that remain contained in a battery containing product at the time of delivery to a collection site or collection event.
A battery stewardship organization may seek reimbursement
from the producer of a recalled battery for the costs incurred in
collecting, transporting, or processing such batteries. Nothing in
this section shall be construed to prohibit a manufacturer of a
covered battery or battery containing product from conducting a
recall or assisting a battery stewardship organization in conducting a recall.
(6) EDUCATION AND OUTREACH. (a) A battery stewardship
organization implementing a plan approved under this section
shall do all of the following to promote the implementation of the
plan:
1. Develop and maintain a website.
2. Develop and distribute collection site safety training procedures to collection sites to help ensure proper management of
covered batteries at collection sites.
3. Provide consumer-focused educational materials, to each
collection site used under the plan, that are accessible by customers of retailers that sell covered batteries or battery containing
products.
4. Provide safety information related to covered battery collection activities to the operator of each collection site used under
the plan, including appropriate protocols to reduce risks of spills
or fires, to respond to a spill or fire, and to manage a collected
damaged or defective battery.
5. Provide educational materials to the operator of each collection site used under the plan for the management of recalled
batteries.
6. Upon request by a retailer or other potential collection site,
provide educational materials describing collection opportunities
for covered batteries.
7. Coordinate with other battery stewardship organizations
implementing a plan approved under this section, if applicable, in
providing education and outreach under this subsection.
(b) A battery stewardship organization implementing a plan
approved under this section may do all of the following to promote the implementation of the plan:
1. Develop and distribute periodic press releases and articles.
2. Develop and place advertisements for use on social media
or other relevant media platforms.
3. Develop promotional materials about the program and
about the restriction on disposing covered batteries under sub.
(11).
4. Conduct a survey, during the first year of implementing an
approved plan and every 5 years thereafter, of public awareness of
the provisions of this section. The battery stewardship organization shall share the results of the surveys with the department.
(7) ANNUAL AUDIT AND REPORTING. (a) No later than June
1, 2029, and each June 1 thereafter, a battery stewardship organization implementing a plan approved under this section shall hire
an independent 3rd party to conduct a full audit of the battery
stewardship plan and the plan’s operation. The audit shall disclose the battery stewardship organization’s revenue, expenditures, and liabilities relating to its activities in this state. The auditor shall examine the effectiveness of the battery stewardship
plan in collecting and recycling covered batteries that are primary
batteries. The auditor shall also examine the cost-effectiveness of
the plan and compare it to that of other approved plans in this
state or to battery stewardship plans in other states. The battery
stewardship organization shall submit the results of the annual
audit to the department along with an annual report for the same
year that contains all of the following:
1. An independent financial assessment of implementing the
plan, including a breakdown of the plan’s expenses, such as collection expenses, recycling expenses, education expenses, and
overhead expenses.
2. The weight, by chemistry, of covered batteries collected
under the plan.
3. The weight of materials recycled from covered batteries
collected under the plan, in total, and by method of battery
recycling.
4. A calculation of the recycling efficiency rate under the
plan.
5. A list of all facilities used in the processing or disposition
of covered batteries under the plan and, for domestic facilities, a
summary of any violations of environmental laws and regulations
during the previous 3 years at each facility.
6. For each facility used for the final disposition of covered
batteries under the plan, a description of how the facility recycled
or otherwise managed batteries and battery components.
7. The weight and chemistry of covered batteries sent to each
facility that is used for the final disposition of batteries. This information may be approximated on the basis of extrapolations of
national or regional data for programs in operation in multiple
states.
8. The collection rate achieved under the plan, including a
description of how this collection rate was calculated and how it
compares to the collection rate goals under the plan.
9. The estimated aggregate sales, by weight and chemistry, of
covered batteries, including covered batteries contained in or
packaged with battery containing products, sold in this state by
the battery stewardship organization’s participating producers for
each of the previous 3 calendar years.
10. A description of how collected batteries were managed
and recycled, including a discussion of best available technologies and the recycling efficiency rate.
11. A description of education and outreach efforts supporting plan implementation, including a summary of education and
outreach provided to consumers, collection sites, manufacturers,
distributors, and retailers to promote the collection and recycling
of covered batteries; a description of how that education and outreach met the requirements of sub. (6); samples of education and
outreach materials; a summary of coordinated education and outreach efforts with any other battery stewardship organizations implementing a plan approved under this section; and a summary of
any changes made during the previous calendar year to education
and outreach activities.
12. A list of all collection sites and an address for each listed
site, and an up-to-date map indicating the location of all collection sites used to implement the plan, with links to websites when
available.
13. A description of methods used to collect, transport, and
recycle covered batteries under the plan.
14. A summary of progress made toward the performance

goals under the plan, and an explanation of why performance
goals were not met, if applicable.
15. An evaluation of the effectiveness of education and outreach activities.
16. If a battery stewardship organization has disposed of covered batteries through energy recovery, incineration, or landfilling during the preceding calendar year of plan implementation,
the steps that the battery stewardship organization will take to
make the recycling of covered batteries cost-effective, when possible, or to otherwise increase battery recycling efficiency rates
achieved by the battery stewardship organization.
(b) A battery stewardship organization implementing a plan
approved under this section shall make each annual audit and report under par. (a) available on its website and provide printed or
electronic copies upon request.
(8) DEPARTMENT DUTIES AND AUTHORITY. (a) Plan approvals. Within 120 days after receiving a proposed battery stewardship plan or proposed amendment under sub. (3) (a) or (d), the
department shall approve, conditionally approve, or deny the plan
or amendment. The department shall approve any plan or
amendment that meets the requirements under sub. (3). If the department denies or conditionally approves a plan or amendment,
the department shall notify the battery stewardship organization
of the denial or conditional approval in writing and explain how
the proposed plan or amendment does not comply with this section; the producer shall submit a revised plan or amendment or
notice of plan withdrawal within 60 days of the denial or conditional approval; and the department shall approve or deny the revised plan or amendment within 90 days of resubmittal.
(b) Public notice. The department shall publish notice on its
website and shall provide notice, upon request, to interested persons, announcing any proposed plan or amendment under sub.
(3) (a) or (d).
(c) Enforcement. The department may, in addition to any
penalties authorized under sub. (12), enforce violations of this
section and violations of any battery stewardship plan approved
under this section. For purposes of this paragraph, a failure to
meet the requirements of this section despite a good faith effort is
not a violation.
(d) Reports. The department shall review reports submitted
under sub. (7) within 90 days after submission.
(e) Assistance. The department shall provide technical assistance to producers and retailers related to the requirements under
this section.
(f) Website. Subject to par. (g), the department shall maintain
on its website all of the following:
1. A copy of all approved battery stewardship plans and any
amendments to such plans.
2. The names of producers with approved battery stewardship plans.
3. A list of brands of covered batteries covered under an approved battery stewardship plan. The department shall update
this list only twice annually.
4. Reports submitted to the department under sub. (7).
(g) Confidentiality. Proprietary information submitted to the
department under this section may not be open to public inspection and copying under s. 19.35 (1). The department and any
other agency may not release, publish, or otherwise make available any proprietary information received under this section. In
this paragraph, “proprietary information” means information
owned or held by a producer and includes trade secrets, intellectual property, production methods, marketing strategies, business
plans, financial data of a business, customer lists, data from research and development, and any other sensitive information
about a business or a business’s practices.
(10) INDEPENDENT BATTERY COLLECTION. Nothing in this
section prevents or prohibits a person from offering or performing a fee-based household collection program or a mail-back program for covered batteries independently of a battery stewardship
plan under this section if the services are performed and any facilities are operated in compliance with all applicable federal,
state, and local laws and requirements.
(11) INDIVIDUAL BATTERY DISPOSAL. (a) Beginning on January 1, 2028, all of the following apply:
1. A person may dispose of a covered battery only by delivery to a collection site or collection event operated under a battery stewardship plan approved under this section, unless the battery is regulated as hazardous waste.
2. No person may knowingly cause or allow the mixing of a
covered battery with recyclable materials that are intended for
processing and sorting at a material recovery facility.
3. No person may knowingly cause or allow the mixing of a
covered battery with municipal waste that is intended for disposal
at a landfill.
4. No person may knowingly cause or allow the disposal of a
covered battery in a landfill.
5. No person may knowingly cause or allow the mixing of a
covered battery with waste that is intended for burning or
incineration.
6. No person may knowingly cause or allow the burning or
incineration of a covered battery.
(b) An owner or operator of a solid waste facility may not be
found in violation of this section if the facility has posted in a
conspicuous location a sign stating that covered batteries must be
managed through collection sites established by a battery stewardship organization and are not accepted for disposal.
(c) A solid waste collector may not be found in violation of
this section for a covered battery placed in a disposal container by
a 3rd party.
(12) PENALTIES. (a) Any person that intentionally and substantially violates this section, other than sub. (11), may be required to forfeit not more than $7,000 for each violation. For purposes of this paragraph, a failure to meet the requirements of this
section despite a good faith effort is not a violation.
(c) The attorney general or the district attorney of any county
in which a violation of this section occurs may, in addition to any
other penalty, bring an action to enjoin any person from violating
this section, other than sub. (11).
(d) A retailer is not subject to any penalty under this section.
(13) RULE MAKING. Notwithstanding s. 227.11 (2), nothing
in this section shall be construed to confer rule-making authority
on the department.

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