(1) NEW OR MODIFIED SOURCES. (a) Construction permit. 1. Except as provided in sub. (2g), (3), (5m), or (6), no person may commence construction, reconstruction, replacement, or modification of a stationary source unless the person has a construction permit from the department. 2. A construction permit may authorize the initial operation of a stationary source for a period specified in the permit to allow testing of the stationary source’s equipment and monitoring of the emissions associated with the equipment. (b) Operation permit. 1. Except as provided in subd. 2., par. (a) 2. , sub. (6) or s. 285.62 (8) , no person may operate a new source or a modified source unless the person has an operation permit under s. 285.62 from the department. 2. A person may continue to operate a new source or a modified source for which the department issued a permit under s. 144.392, 1989 stats., on or before November 15, 1992, but on which construction, reconstruction, replacement or modification began after November 15, 1992, but the person shall apply for an operation permit under s. 285.62 no later than March 1, 1996. (2) EXISTING SOURCES. (a) Operation permit requirement. Except as provided in sub. (6) or s. 285.62 (8), no person may operate an existing source after the operation permit requirement date specified under s. 285.62 (11) (a) unless the person has an operation permit under s. 285.62 from the department. (b) Elective operation permit. A person may apply for an operation permit for one or more points of emission from an existing source for which an operation permit is not required. No person may operate a stationary source under an emission reduction option program unless the person has an operation permit from the department. If a person elects to apply for an operation permit under this paragraph, the election may not be withdrawn and the stationary source may not be operated without the operation permit beginning on the date that the operation permit is first issued. (2g) REGISTRATION PERMITS. (a) Rules. Subject to sub. (8), the department shall promulgate rules specifying a simplified process under which the department may issue a registration permit authorizing construction or operation or both for a stationary source with low actual or potential emissions if the owner or operator provides to the department, on a form prescribed by the department, sufficient information to show that the source qualifies for a registration permit. In the rules, the department shall include criteria for identifying categories of sources the owners or operators of which may elect to obtain registration permits and general requirements applicable to sources that qualify for registration permits. In the rules, the department may exempt persons who qualify for registration permits from the requirement to obtain a construction permit. (am) Registration permit for certain sources. Subject to sub. (8), the department shall issue a registration permit authorizing the construction or operation or both for any stationary source with actual emissions that do not exceed 50 percent of any applicable major source threshold under s. 285.11 (16). (b) Procedure. The procedural requirements of ss. 285.61 (2) to (8) and 285.62 (2) to (7) do not apply to a registration permit under this subsection. Within 15 days after receipt of the form prescribed by the department, the department shall provide one of the following to an applicant for a registration permit: 1. Written notice of the department’s determination that the source qualifies for a registration permit. 2. A written description of any information that is missing from the application for a registration permit. 3. Written notice of the department’s determination that the source does not qualify for a registration permit, specifically describing the reasons for that determination. (3) GENERAL PERMITS. (a) Rules. The department shall promulgate rules for the issuance of general permits authorizing construction or operation or both for similar stationary sources. In the rules, the department shall specify criteria for identifying categories of sources for which the department may issue general permits and general requirements applicable to sources that qualify for general permits. In the rules, the department may exempt persons who qualify for a general permit from the requirement to obtain a construction permit. (b) Procedure. The procedural requirements of ss. 285.61 (2) to (8) and 285.62 (2) to (5) do not apply to the determination of whether a source is covered by a general permit under this subsection. Within 15 days after receipt of an application for coverage under a general permit, the department shall provide one of the following to the applicant: 1. Written notice of the department’s determination that the source qualifies for coverage under the general permit. 2. A written description of any information that is missing from the application for coverage under the general permit. 3. Written notice of the department’s determination that the source does not qualify for coverage under the general permit, specifically describing the reasons for that determination. (3m) CONSIDERATION OF CERTAIN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. Unless required under the federal clean air act, in determining whether a person is required to obtain a construction permit or an operation permit for a stationary source under this section based on emissions of greenhouse gases resulting from the combustion or decomposition of nonfossilized and biodegradable organic material originating from plants, animals, or microorganisms, the department may only consider carbon dioxide emissions consistent with 40 CFR 51.166 (b) (48) and the definition of “subject to regulation” in 40 CFR 70.2. (4) PERMIT FLEXIBILITY. The department shall allow a person to make a change to a stationary source that has an operation permit, or for which the person has submitted a timely and complete application for an operation permit, for which the department would otherwise first require an operation permit revision, without first requiring a revision of the operation permit if the change is not a modification, as defined by the department by rule, and the change will not cause the stationary source to exceed the emissions allowable under the operation permit, whether expressed as an emission rate or in terms of total emissions. Except in the case of an emergency, a person shall notify the department and, for permits required under the federal clean air act, the administrator of the federal environmental protection agency in writing at least 21 days before the date on which the person proposes to make a change to a stationary source under this subsection. A person may not make a proposed change to a stationary source if the department informs the person before the end of that 21-day period that the proposed change is not a change authorized under this subsection. The department shall promulgate rules establishing a shorter time for advance notification of changes under this subsection in case of emergency. (5) EXEMPTION FROM ADDITIONAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS FOR APPROVED RELOCATED SOURCES. (a) Approved relocated source. A source is an approved relocated source if all of the following requirements are met: 1. The source is to be relocated within an attainment area. 2. The source is a stationary source capable of being transported to a different location. 3. The source received an air pollution control permit for the relevant air contaminant prior to relocation. 4. The owner or operator of the source provides written notice to the department at least 20 days prior to relocation and the department does not object to the relocation. 5. The source in its new location meets all applicable emission limitations and any visibility requirements in the department’s rules and does not violate an ambient air increment or ambient air quality standard. 6. The source is not an affected source as defined in 42 USC 7651a (1). (b) Exempt from additional permits. Notwithstanding subs. (1) and (2), no additional permit is required if a source is an approved relocated source. (5m) WAIVER OF CONSTRUCTION PERMIT REQUIREMENTS. (a) Subject to sub. (8), the department shall promulgate rules under which a person is allowed to commence construction, reconstruction, replacement, or modification of a stationary source prior to the issuance of a construction permit upon a showing that commencing construction, reconstruction, replacement, or modification prior to the issuance of the permit is necessary to avoid undue hardship. (b) Subject to sub. (8), the department may allow a person to commence construction, reconstruction, replacement, or modification of a stationary source prior to the issuance of a construction permit on a case-by-case basis or on bases specified in a rule. (c) The department shall act on a waiver request under this subsection within 15 days after it receives the request. (6) EXEMPTION. (a) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section the department may, by rule, exempt types of stationary sources from any requirement of this section if the potential emissions from the sources do not present a significant hazard to public health, safety or welfare or to the environment. (b) Subject to sub. (8), the department shall, by rule, exempt minor sources from the requirement to obtain a construction permit and an operation permit if the emissions from the sources do not present a significant hazard to public health, safety or welfare or to the environment. (c) 1. Subject to sub. (8), the department shall exempt natural minor sources from the requirement to obtain an operation permit. 2. The department may define “natural minor source” by rule for the purposes of this paragraph. 3. The department shall seek approval from the federal environmental protection agency of any changes to the state implementation plan under the federal clean air act that are necessary to implement subd. 1. (7) COMPLIANCE. A person who obtains a permit under this section shall comply with all terms and conditions of the permit. (8) COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL LAW. The department may not promulgate a rule or take any other action under this section that conflicts with the federal clean air act. (9) PETITIONS FOR REGISTRATION PERMITS, GENERAL PERMITS, AND EXEMPTIONS. A person may petition the department to make a determination that a type of stationary source meets the criteria for a registration permit under sub. (2g), a general permit under sub. (3), or an exemption under sub. (6). The department shall provide a written response to a petition within 30 days after receiving the petition indicating whether the type of stationary source meets the applicable criteria for a registration permit, a general permit, or an exemption. If the type of source meets the applicable criteria, the department shall, within 365 days after receiving the petition, issue the registration permit or general permit or, for an exemption, shall submit to the legislative council staff under s. 227.15 (1) in proposed form any necessary rules or take any other action that is necessary to provide the exemption. (10) PERMIT STREAMLINING. The department shall continually assess permit obligations imposed under this section and ss. 285.61 to 285.65 and implement measures that are consistent with this chapter and the federal clean air act to allow for timely installation and operation of equipment and processes and the pursuit of related economic activity by lessening those obligations, including consolidating the permits for sources at a facility into one permit, expanding exemptions under sub. (6), and expanding the availability of registration permits under sub. (2g), general permits under sub. (3), and construction permit waivers under sub. (5m). (11) INDIRECT SOURCES. (a) In this subsection, “indirect source” means a stationary source that attracts or may attract mobile source activity or on which mobile source activity is conducted, resulting in the indirect emissions of any air contaminant at or on the indirect source itself. (b) The department may not require a permit under this subchapter for an indirect source.
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