West Virginia Code § 11-15B-2

Definitions
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(a) General. -- When used in this article and articles fifteen and fifteen-a of this chapter,
words defined in subsection (b) of this section shall have the meanings ascribed to them in
this section, except where a different meaning is distinctly expressed or the context in which
the term is used clearly indicates that a different meaning is intended by the Legislature.
(b) Terms defined. --
(1) "Agent" means a person appointed by a seller to represent the seller before the member
states. u
(2) "Agreement" means the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement as defined in section
two-a of this article.
(3) "Alcoholic beverages" means beverages that are suitable for human consumption and
contain one half of one percent or more of alcohol bly volume.
(4) "Bundled transaction" means the retail sale of two or more products, except real property
and services to real property, where: (i) The products are otherwise distinct and identifiable;
and (ii) the products are sold for one nonitemized price. A "bundled transaction" does not
include the sale of any products in which the sales price varies, or is negotiable, based on
the selection by the purchaser of the products included in the transaction.
(A) "Distinct and identifiable products" does not include:
(i) Packaging such as containers, boxes, sacks, bags and bottles or other materials such as
wrapping, labels, tag s and instruction guides that accompany the retail sale of the products
and are incidental or immaterial to the retail sale thereof. Examples of packaging that are
incidental or immaterial include grocery sacks, shoe boxes, dry cleaning garment bags and
express delivery envelopes and boxes;
(ii) A product provided free of charge with the required purchase of another product. A
product is "provided free of charge" if the sales price of the product purchased does not vary
depending on the inclusion of the product provided free of charge; or
(iii) Items included in the member state's definition of "sales price" as defined in this section.
(B) The term "one nonitemized price" does not include a price that is separately identified by
product on binding sales or other supporting sales-related documentation made available to
the customer in paper or electronic form including, but not limited to, an invoice, bill of sale,
receipt, contract, service agreement, lease agreement, periodic notice of rates and services,
rate card or price list.
(C) A transaction that otherwise meets the definition of a "bundled transaction", as defined
in this subdivision, is not a "bundled transaction" if it is:
(i) The retail sale of tangible personal property and a service where the tangible personal
property is essential to the use of the service and is provided exclusively in connection with
the service and the true object of the transaction is the service; or
(ii) The retail sale of services where one service is provided that is essential to the use or
receipt of a second service and the first service is provided exclusively in connection with
the second service and the true object of the transaction is the second serviece; or
(iii) A transaction that includes taxable products and nontaxable products and the purchase
price or sales price of the taxable products is de minimis;
(I) "De minimis" means the seller's purchase price or sales price of the taxable products is
ten percent or less of the total purchase price or sales price of the bundled products;
(II) Sellers shall use either the purchase price or the saales price of the products to determine
if the taxable products are de minimis. Sellers may not use a combination of the purchase
price and sales price of the products to determine ilf the taxable products are de minimis;
(III) Sellers shall use the full term of a service contract to determine if the taxable products
are de minimis; or i
(iv) A transaction that includes products taxable at the general rate of tax and food or food
ingredients taxable at a lower rate of tax and the purchase price or sales price of the
products taxable at the general sales tax rate is de minimis. For purposes of this
subparagraph, the term "de minimis" has the same meaning as ascribed to it under
subparagraph (iii) of this paragraph;
(v) The retail sale of exempt tangible personal property, or food and food ingredients taxable
at a lower ratVe of tax, and tangible personal property taxable at the general rate of tax
where:
(I) The transaction includes "food and food ingredients", "drugs", "durable medical
equipment", "mobility-enhancing equipment", "over-the-counter drugs", "prosthetic devices"
or "medical supplies", all as defined in this article; and
(II) Where the seller's purchase price or sales price of the taxable tangible personal property
taxable at the general rate of tax is fifty percent or less of the total purchase price or sales
price of the bundled tangible personal property. Sellers may not use a combination of the
purchase price and sales price of the tangible personal property when making the fifty
percent determination for a transaction.
(5) "Candy" means a preparation of sugar, honey or other natural or artificial sweeteners in
combination with chocolate, fruits, nuts or other ingredients or flavorings in the form of
bars, drops or pieces. "Candy" shall not include any preparation containing flour and shall
require no refrigeration.
(6) "Clothing" means all human wearing apparel suitable for general use. The following list
contains examples and is not intended to be an all-inclusive list.
(A) "Clothing" shall include:
(i) Aprons, household and shop;
(ii) Athletic supporters;
(iii) Baby receiving blankets;
(iv) Bathing suits and caps;
(v) Beach capes and coats; t
(vi) Belts and suspenders;
(vii) Boots;
(viii) Coats and jackets;
(ix) Costumes; g
(x) Diapers, children and adult, including disposable diapers;
(xi) Ear muffs;
(xii) Footlets;
(xiii) Formal wVear;
(xiv) Garters and garter belts;
(xv) Girdles;
(xvi) Gloves and mittens for general use;
(xvii) Hats and caps;
(xviii) Hosiery;
(xix) Insoles for shoes;
(xx) Lab coats;
(xxi) Neckties;
(xxii) Overshoes;
(xxiii) Pantyhose;
(xxiv) Rainwear;
(xxv) Rubber pants;
(xxvi) Sandals;
(xxvii) Scarves;
(xxviii) Shoes and shoe laces;
(xxix) Slippers;
(xxx) Sneakers;
(xxxi) Socks and stockings;
(xxxii) Steel-toed shoes; s
(xxxiii) Underwear; i
(xxxiv) Uniforms, athletic and nonathletic; and
(xxxv) Wedding apparel.
(B) "Clothing" shall not include:
(i) Belt buckles sold s eparately;
(ii) Costume masks sold separately;
(iii)W Patches and emblems sold separately;
(iv) Sewing equipment and supplies, including, but not limited to, knitting needles, patterns,
pins, scissors, sewing machines, sewing needles, tape measures and thimbles; and
(v) Sewing materials that become part of clothing including, but not limited to, buttons,
fabric, lace, thread, yarn and zippers.
(7) "Clothing accessories or equipment" means incidental items worn on the person or in
conjunction with clothing. "Clothing accessories or equipment" are mutually exclusive of and
may be taxed differently than apparel within the definition of "clothing", "sport or
recreational equipment" and "protective equipment". The following list contains examples
and is not intended to be an all-inclusive list. "Clothing accessories or equipment" shall
include:
(A) Briefcases;
(B) Cosmetics;
(C) Hair notions, including, but not limited to, barrettes, hair bows and hair nets;
(D) Handbags;
(E) Handkerchiefs;
(F) Jewelry;
(G) Sunglasses, nonprescription;
(H) Umbrellas;
(I) Wallets;
(J) Watches; and s
(K) Wigs and hair pieces. i
(8) "Certified automated system" or "CAS" means software certified under the agreement to
calculate the tax imposed by each jurisdiction on a transaction, determine the amount of tax
to remit to the appropriate state and maintain a record of the transaction.
(9) "Certified service provider" or "CSP" means an agent certified under the agreement to
perform all of the seller's sales and use tax functions other than the seller's obligation to
remit tax on its own purchases.
(10) "Computer" means an electronic device that accepts information in digital or similar
form and manipulates the information for a result based on a sequence of instructions.
(11) "Computer software" means a set of coded instructions designed to cause a computer or
automatic data processing equipment to perform a task.
(12) "Computer software maintenance contract" means a contract that obligates a vendor of
computer software, or other person, to provide a customer with future updates or upgrades
to computer software, support services with respect to computer software or both. The term
"computer software maintenance contract" includes contracts sold by a person other than
the vendor of the computer software to which the contract relates.
(A) A "mandatory computer software maintenance contract" is a computer software
maintenance contract that the customer is obligated by contract to purchase as a condition
to the retail sale of computer software.
(B) An "optional computer maintenance contract" is a computer software maintenance
contract that a customer is not obligated to purchase as a condition to the retail sale of
computer software.
(13) "Delivered electronically" means delivered to the purchaser by means other than
tangible storage media.
(14) "Delivery charges" means charges by the seller of personal property or services for
preparation and delivery to a location designated by the purchaser of personal property or
services including, but not limited to, transportation, shipping, postage, handling, crating
and packing.
(15) "Dietary supplement" means any product, other than tobacco, intended to supplement
the diet that:
(A) Contains one or more of the following dietary ingreadients:
(i) A vitamin; l
(ii) A mineral;
(iii) An herb or other botanical;
(iv) An amino acid;
(v) A dietary substance for use by humans to supplement the diet by increasing the total
dietary intake; or L
(vi) A concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract or combination of any ingredient
described in subparagraph (i) through (v), inclusive, of this paragraph;
(B) And is intended for ingestion in tablet, capsule, powder, softgel, gelcap or liquid form, or
if nWot intended for ingestion in such a form, is not represented as conventional food and is
not represented for use as a sole item of a meal or of the diet; and
(C) Is required to be labeled as a dietary supplement, identifiable by the "Supplemental
Facts" box found on the label as required pursuant to 21 CFR § 101.36 or in any successor
section of the Code of Federal Regulations.
(16) "Direct mail" means printed material delivered or distributed by United States mail or
other delivery service to a mass audience or to addressees on a mailing list provided by the
purchaser or at the direction of the purchaser when the cost of the items are not billed
directly to the recipients. "Direct mail" includes tangible personal property supplied directly
or indirectly by the purchaser to the direct mail seller for inclusion in the package
containing the printed material. "Direct mail" does not include multiple items of printed
material delivered to a single address.
(17) "Drug" means a compound, substance or preparation, and any component of a
compound, substance or preparation, other than food and food ingredients, dietary
supplements or alcoholic beverages:
(A) Recognized in the official United States Pharmacopoeia, official Homeopathic
Pharmacopoeia of the United States or official National Formulary, and supplement to any of
them; e
(B) Intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease; or
(C) Intended to affect the structure or any function of the body. Tuhe amendment to this
subdivision enacted during the 2009 regular legislative session shall apply to sales made
after July 1, 2009.
(18) "Durable medical equipment" means equipment, iancluding repair and replacement parts
for the equipment, but does not include mobility-enhancing equipment, which:
(A) Can withstand repeated use;
(B) Is primarily and customarily used to serve a medical purpose;
(C) Generally is not useful to a person in the absence of illness or injury; and
(D) Is not worn in or on the boedy.
(19) "Electronic" meansL relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless,
optical, electromagnetic or similar capabilities.
(20) "Eligible property" means an item of a type, such as clothing, that qualifies for a sales
tax holiday exemption in this state.
(21W) "Energy Star qualified product" means a product that meets the energy efficient
guidelines set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the United States
Department of Energy that are authorized to carry the Energy Star label. Covered products
are those listed at www.energystar.gov or successor address.
(22) "Entity-based exemption" means an exemption based on who purchases the product or
service or who sells the product or service. An exemption that is available to all individuals
shall not be considered an entity-based exemption.
(23) "Food and food ingredients" means substances, whether in liquid, concentrated, solid,
frozen, dried or dehydrated form, that are sold for ingestion or chewing by humans and are
consumed for their taste or nutritional value. "Food and food ingredients" does not include
alcoholic beverages, prepared food or tobacco.
(24) "Food sold through vending machines" means food dispensed from a machine or other
mechanical device that accepts payment.
(25)"Fur clothing" means clothing that is required to be labeled as a fur product under the
Federal Fur Products Labeling Act (15 U. S. C. §69) and the value of the fur components in
the product is more than three times the value of the next most valuable tangible
component. "Fur clothing" is human-wearing apparel suitable for general use but may be
taxed differently from clothing. For the purposes of the definition of "fur cloething", the term
"fur" means any animal skin or part thereof with hair, fleece or fur fibers attached thereto,
either in its raw or processed state, but shall not include such skins thart have been
converted into leather or suede, or which in processing the hair, fleece or fur fiber has been
completely removed.
(26) "Governing board" means the governing board of the Sttreamlined Sales and Use Tax
Agreement.
(27) "Grooming and hygiene products" are soaps and cleaning solutions, shampoo,
toothpaste, mouthwash, antiperspirants and sun taln lotions and screens, regardless of
whether the items meet the definition of "overs-the-counter drugs".
(28) "Includes" and "including" when usedi in a definition contained in this article is not
considered to exclude other things ogtherwise within the meaning of the term being defined.
(29) "Layaway sale" means a transaction in which property is set aside for future delivery to
a customer who makes a deposit, agrees to pay the balance of the purchase price over a
period of time and, at the end of the payment period, receives the property. An order is
accepted for layaway by the seller when the seller removes the property from normal
inventory or clearly identifies the property as sold to the purchaser.
(30) "Lease" iVncludes rental, hire and license. "Lease" means any transfer of possession or
control of tangible personal property for a fixed or indeterminate term for consideration. A
lease or rental may include future options to purchase or extend.
(A) "Lease" does not include:
(i) A transfer of possession or control of property under a security agreement or deferred
payment plan that requires the transfer of title upon completion of the required payments;
(ii) A transfer or possession or control of property under an agreement that requires the
transfer of title upon completion of required payments and payment of an option price does
not exceed the greater of $100 or one percent of the total required payments; or
(iii) Providing tangible personal property along with an operator for a fixed or indeterminate
period of time. A condition of this exclusion is that the operator is necessary for the
equipment to perform as designed. For the purpose of this subparagraph, an operator must
do more than maintain, inspect or set up the tangible personal property.
(iv) "Lease" or "rental" includes agreements covering motor vehicles and trailers where the
amount of consideration may be increased or decreased by reference to the amount realized
upon sale or disposition of the property as defined in 26 U. S. C. §7701(h)(1).
(B) This definition shall be used for sales and use tax purposes regardless if a transaction is
characterized as a lease or rental under generally accepted accounting principles, the
Internal Revenue Code, the Uniform Commercial Code or other provisions oef federal, state
or local law.
(31) "Load and leave" means delivery to the purchaser by use of a tangible storage media
where the tangible storage media is not physically transferred tou the purchaser.
(32) "Mobility-enhancing equipment" means equipment, including repair and replacement
parts to the equipment, but does not include "durable medical equipment", which:
(A) Is primarily and customarily used to provide or increase the ability to move from one
place to another and which is appropriate for use elither in a home or a motor vehicle;
(B) Is not generally used by persons with normal mobility; and
(C) Does not include any motor vehicle or equipment on a motor vehicle normally provided
by a motor vehicle manufacturer.
(33) "Model I seller" means a seller registered under the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax
Agreement that has selected a certified service provider as its agent to perform all the
seller's sales and use tax functions, other than the seller's obligation to remit tax on its own
purchases.
(34) "Model II seller" means a seller registered under the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax
Agreement that has selected a certified automated system to perform part of its sales and
use tax functions, but retains responsibility for remitting the tax.
(35) "Model III seller" means a seller registered under the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax
Agreement that has sales in at least five member states, has total annual sales revenue of at
least $500 million, has a proprietary system that calculates the amount of tax due each
jurisdiction and has entered into a performance agreement with the member states that
establishes a tax performance standard for the seller. As used in this definition, a seller
includes an affiliated group of sellers using the same proprietary system.
(36) "Model IV seller" means a seller registered under the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax
Agreement and is not a Model I seller, a Model II seller or a Model III seller.
(37) "Over-the-counter drug" means a drug that contains a label that identifies the product
as a drug as required by 21 CFR §201.66. The "over-the-counter drug" label includes:
(A) A drug facts panel; or
(B) A statement of the active ingredient(s) with a list of those ingredients contained in the
compound, substance or preparation.
(38) "Person" means an individual, trust, estate, fiduciary, partnership, limited liability
company, limited liability partnership, corporation or any other legal entity.
(39) "Personal service" includes those:
(A) Compensated by the payment of wages in the ordinary course of employment; and
(B) Rendered to the person of an individual without, at the same time, selling tangible
personal property, such as nursing, barbering, manicuring and similar services.
(40) (A) "Prepared food" means:
(i) Food sold in a heated state or heated by the seller;
(ii) Two or more food ingredients mixed or combined by the seller for sale as a single item;
or
(iii) Food sold with eating utensils provided by the seller, including plates, knives, forks,
spoons, glasses, cups, napkins or straws. A plate does not include a container or packaging
used to transport the food.
(B) "Prepared food" in subparagraph (ii), paragraph (A) of this subdivision does not include
food that is only cut, repLackaged or pasteurized by the seller, and eggs, fish, meat, poultry
and foods containing these raw animal foods requiring cooking by the consumer as
recommended by the Food and Drug Administration in Chapter 3, Part 401.11 of its Food
Code of 2001 so as to prevent food-borne illnesses.
(C) Additionally, "prepared food" as defined in this subdivision does not include:
(i) Food sold by a seller whose proper primary NAICS classification is manufacturing in
Sector 311, except Subsection 3118 (bakeries);
(ii) Food sold in an unheated state by weight or volume as a single item; or
(iii) Bakery items, including bread, rolls, buns, biscuits, bagels, croissants, pastries, donuts,
danish, cakes, tortes, pies, tarts, muffins, bars, cookies, tortillas.
(41) "Prescription" means an order, formula or recipe issued in any form of oral, written,
electronic or other means of transmission by a duly licensed practitioner authorized by the
laws of this state to issue prescriptions.
(42) "Prewritten computer software" means computer software, including prewritten
upgrades, which is not designed and developed by the author or other creator to the
specifications of a specific purchaser.
(A) The combining of two or more prewritten computer software programs or prewritten
portions thereof does not cause the combination to be other than prewritten computer
software.
(B) "Prewritten computer software" includes software designed and developed by the author
or other creator to the specifications of a specific purchaser when it is sold to a person other
than the specific purchaser. Where a person modifies or enhances computer software of
which the person is not the author or creator, the person is considered to be the author or
creator only of the person's modifications or enhancements. u
(C) "Prewritten computer software" or a prewritten portion thereof that is modified or
enhanced to any degree, where the modification or enhancement is designed and developed
to the specifications of a specific purchaser, remains parewritten computer software.
However, where there is a reasonable, separately stated charge or an invoice or other
statement of the price given to the purchaser for thle modification or enhancement, the
modification or enhancement does not constitsute prewritten computer software.
(43) "Product-based exemption" means an iexemption based on the description of the product
or service and not based on who purgchases the product or service or how the purchaser
intends to use the product or service.
(44) "Prosthetic device" means a replacement, corrective or supportive device, including
repair and replacement parts for the device worn on or in the body, to:
(A) Artificially replace a missing portion of the body;
(B) Prevent orV correct physical deformity or malfunction of the body; or
(C) Support a weak or deformed portion of the body.
(45) "Protective equipment" means items for human wear and designed as protection of the
wearer against injury or disease or as protections against damage or injury of other persons
or property but not suitable for general use.
(46) "Purchase price" means the measure subject to the tax imposed by article fifteen or
fifteen-a of this chapter and has the same meaning as sales price.
(47) "Purchaser" means a person to whom a sale of personal property is made or to whom a
service is furnished.
(48) "Retail sale" or "sale at retail" means:
(A) Any sale, lease or rental for any purpose other than for resale as tangible personal
property, sublease or subrent; and
(B) Any sale of a service other than a service purchased for resale.
(49) (A) "Sales price" means the measure subject to the tax levied under article fifteen or
fifteen-a of this chapter and includes the total amount of consideration, including cash,
credit, property and services, for which personal property or services are sold, leased or
rented, valued in money, whether received in money or otherwise, without any deduction for
the following: e
(i) The seller's cost of the property sold;
(ii) The cost of materials used, labor or service cost, interest, losuses, all costs of
transportation to the seller, all taxes imposed on the seller and any other expense of the
seller;
(iii) Charges by the seller for any services necessary toa complete the sale, other than
delivery and installation charges;
(iv) Delivery charges; and
(v) Installation charges.
(B) "Sales price" does not include:
(i) Discounts, including cash, teerm or coupons that are not reimbursed by a third party that
are allowed by a seller and taken by a purchaser on a sale;
(ii) Interest, financing and carrying charges from credit extended on the sale of personal
property, goods or services, if the amount is separately stated on the invoice, bill of sale or
similar document given to the purchaser; or
(iii) Any taxes legally imposed directly on the consumer that are separately stated on the
invoWice, bill of sale or similar document given to the purchaser.
(C) "Sales price" shall include consideration received by the seller from third parties if:
(i) The seller actually receives consideration from a party other than the purchaser and the
consideration is directly related to a price reduction or discount on the sale;
(ii) The seller has an obligation to pass the price reduction or discount through to the
purchaser;
(iii) The amount of the consideration attributable to the sale is fixed and determinable by the
seller at the time of the sale of the item to the purchaser; and
(iv) One of the following criteria is met:
(I) The purchaser presents a coupon, certificate or other documentation to the seller to claim
a price reduction or discount where the coupon, certificate or documentation is authorized,
distributed or granted by a third party with the understanding that the third party will
reimburse any seller to whom the coupon, certificate or documentation is presented;
(II) The purchaser identifies himself or herself to the seller as a member of a group or
organization entitled to a price reduction or discount (a preferred customer card that is
available to any patron does not constitute membership in such a group); ore
(III) The price reduction or discount is identified as a third-party price reduction or discount
on the invoice received by the purchaser or on a coupon, certificate or other documentation
presented by the purchaser. u
(50) "Sales tax" means the tax levied under article fifteen of this chapter.
(51) "School art supply" means an item commonly useda by a student in a course of study for
artwork. The term is mutually exclusive of the terms "school supply", "school instructional
material" and "school computer supply" and may ble taxed differently. The following is an all-
inclusive list: s
(A) Clay and glazes; i
(B) Paints; acrylic, tempora and oil;
(C) Paintbrushes for artwork;
(D) Sketch and drawingL pads; and
(E) Watercolors.
(52) "School instructional material" means written material commonly used by a student in a
course of study as a reference and to learn the subject being taught. The term is mutually
excWlusive of the terms "school supply", "school art supply" and "school computer supply" and
may be taxed differently. The following is an all-inclusive list:
(A) Reference books;
(B) Reference maps and globes;
(C) Textbooks; and
(D) Workbooks.
(53) "School computer supply" means an item commonly used by a student in a course of
study in which a computer is used. The term is mutually exclusive of the terms "school
supply", "school art supply" and "school instructional material" and may be taxed differently.
The following is an all-inclusive list:
(A) Computer storage media; diskettes, compact disks;
(B) Handheld electronic schedulers, except devices that are cellular phones;
(C) Personal digital assistants, except devices that are cellular phones;
(D) Computer printers; and
(E)Printer supplies for computers; printer paper, printer ink.
(54) "School supply" means an item commonly used by a student in a course of study. The
term is mutually exclusive of the terms "school art supply", "school instructional material"
and "school computer supply" and may be taxed differently. The following is an all-inclusive
list of school supplies:
(A) Binders;
(B) Book bags;
(C) Calculators;
(D) Cellophane tape; g
(E) Blackboard chalk;
(F) Compasses;
(G) Composition books;
(H) Crayons; V
(I) Erasers;
(J) Folders; expandable, pocket, plastic and manila;
(K) Glue, paste and paste sticks;
(L) Highlighters;
(M) Index cards;
(N) Index card boxes;
(O) Legal pads;
(P) Lunch boxes;
(Q) Markers;
(R) Notebooks;
(S) Paper; loose-leaf ruled notebook paper, copy paper, graph paper, tracing paper, manila
paper, colored paper, poster board and construction paper;
(T) Pencil boxes and other school supply boxes;
(U) Pencil sharpeners;
(V) Pencils;
(W) Pens; t
(X) Protractors;
(Y) Rulers;
(Z) Scissors; and
(AA) Writing tablets. g
(55) "Seller" means any person making sales, leases or rentals of personal property or
services.
(56) "Service" or "selected service" includes all nonprofessional activities engaged in for
other persons for a consideration which involve the rendering of a service as distinguished
from the sale of tangible personal property, but does not include contracting, personal
services, servVices rendered by an employee to his or her employer, any service rendered for
resale or any service furnished by a business that is subject to the control of the Public
Service Commission when the service or the manner in which it is delivered is subject to
regulation by the Public Service Commission of this state. The term "service" or "selected
service" does not include payments received by a vendor of tangible personal property as an
incentive to sell a greater volume of such tangible personal property under a manufacturer's,
distributor's or other third-party's marketing support program, sales incentive program,
cooperative advertising agreement or similar type of program or agreement and these
payments are not considered to be payments for a service or selected service rendered, even
though the vendor may engage in attendant or ancillary activities associated with the sales
of tangible personal property as required under the programs or agreements.
(57) "Soft drink" means nonalcoholic beverages that contain natural or artificial sweeteners.
"Soft drinks" do not include beverages that contain milk or milk products, soy, rice or similar
milk substitutes or greater than fifty percent of vegetable or fruit juice by volume.
(58) "Sport or recreational equipment" means items designed for human use and worn in
conjunction with an athletic or recreational activity that are not suitable for general use.
Sport or recreational equipment are mutually exclusive of and may be taxed differently than
apparel within the definition of "clothing", "clothing accessories or equipment" and
"protective equipment". The following list contains examples and is not intended to be an all-
inclusive list. "Sport or recreational equipment" shall include:
(A) Ballet and tap shoes; e
(B) Cleated or spiked athletic shoes;
(C) Gloves, including, but not limited to, baseball, bowling, boxinug, hockey and golf;
(D) Goggles;
(E) Hand and elbow guards; a
(F) Life preservers and vests;
(G) Mouth guards;
(H) Roller and ice skates;
(I) Shin guards;
(J) Shoulder pads;
(K) Ski boots;
(L) Waders; and
(M) Wetsuits and fins.
(59) "State" means any state of the United States, the District of Columbia and the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
(60) "Tangible personal property" means personal property that can be seen, weighed,
measured, felt or touched or that is in any manner perceptible to the senses. "Tangible
personal property" includes, but is not limited to, electricity, steam, water, gas and
prewritten computer software.
(61) "Tax" includes all taxes levied under articles fifteen and fifteen-a of this chapter and
additions to tax, interest and penalties levied under article ten of this chapter.
(62) "Tax Commissioner" means the State Tax Commissioner or his or her delegate. The
term "delegate" in the phrase "or his or her delegate", when used in reference to the Tax
Commissioner, means any officer or employee of the State Tax Division duly authorized by
the Tax Commissioner directly, or indirectly by one or more redelegations of authority, to
perform the functions mentioned or described in this article or rules promulgated for this
article.
(63) "Taxpayer" means any person liable for the taxes levied by articles fifteen and fifteen-a
of this chapter or any additions to tax penalties imposed by article ten of this chapter.
(64) "Telecommunications service" or "telecommunication service" when used in this article
and articles fifteen and fifteen-a of this chapter shall have the same meaning as that term is
defined in section two-b of this article.
(65) "Tobacco" means cigarettes, cigars, chewing or pipe tobaccuo or any other item that
contains tobacco.
(66) "Use tax" means the tax levied under article fifteen-a of this chapter.
(67) "Use-based exemption" means an exemption based on a specified use of the product or
service by the purchaser. l
(68) "Vendor" means any person furnishing services taxed by article fifteen or fifteen-a of
this chapter or making sales of tangible personal property or custom software. "Vendor" and
"seller" are used interchangeably in this article and in articles fifteen and fifteen-a of this
chapter.
(c) Additional definitions. --
Other terms used in thisL article are defined in articles fifteen and fifteen-a of this chapter,
which definitions are incorporated by reference into this article. Additionally, other sections
of this article may de fine terms primarily used in the section in which the term is defined.

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