As used in this chapter: (1) "ADS-dedicated vehicle" means a vehicle: (a) designed to be operated exclusively by a level four ADS or level five ADS for all trips within the given operational design domain limitations of the ADS, if any; and (b) that conforms to all applicable U.S. federal motor vehicle safety, bumper, and theft prevention standards in effect on the date of the vehicle's manufacture, unless an exemption has been granted under applicable federal law. (2) "ADS-equipped vehicle" means a vehicle with a level three, level four, or level five ADS that is designed for: (a) complete trips in driverless operation under routine or normal operating conditions within the vehicle's operational design domain; or (b) operation by an in-vehicle driver. (3) (a) "Automated driving system" or "ADS" means the hardware and software that are: (i) collectively capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task on a sustained basis, regardless of whether the ADS is limited to a specific operational design domain, if any; and (ii) conforming to all applicable U.S. federal motor vehicle safety, bumper, and theft prevention standards in effect on the date of the vehicle's manufacture. (b) "Automated driving system" or "ADS" is used specifically to describe a level three, four, or five driving automation system. (4) "Commission" means the State Tax Commission as defined in Section 59-1-101. (5) "Conventional driver" means a human driver who is onboard the motor vehicle and manually performs some or all of the following actions in order to operate a vehicle: (a) braking; (b) accelerating; (c) steering; and (d) transmission gear selection input devices. (6) (a) "Dispatch" means to place an ADS-equipped vehicle into service in driverless operation by engaging the ADS. (b) "Dispatch" includes software-enabled dispatch of multiple ADS-equipped motor vehicles in driverless operation that may complete multiple trips involving pick-up and drop-off of passengers or goods throughout a day or other pre-defined periods of service, and which may involve multiple agents performing various tasks related to the dispatch function. (7) "Division" means the Motor Vehicle Division of the commission, created in Section 41-1a-106. (8) "Driverless operation" means the operation of an ADS-equipped vehicle in which: (a) no on-board user is present; or (b) no on-board user is a human driver with a valid driver license or fallback-ready user. (9) "Driverless operation dispatcher" means a user who dispatches an ADS-equipped vehicle in driverless operation. (10) "Driving automation system" means the hardware and software collectively capable of performing part or all of the dynamic driving task on a sustained basis. (11) "Driving automation system feature" means a specific function of a driving automation system. (12) (a) "Dynamic driving task" means all of the real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate a motor vehicle in on-road traffic, including: (i) lateral vehicle motion control through steering; (ii) longitudinal motion control through acceleration and deceleration; (iii) monitoring the driving environment through object and event detection, recognition, classification, and response preparation; (iv) object and event response execution; (v) maneuver planning; and (vi) enhancing conspicuity with lighting, signaling, and gesturing. (b) "Dynamic driving task" does not include strategic functions such as trip scheduling and selection of destinations and waypoints. (13) "Engage" as it pertains to the operation of a vehicle by a driving automation system means to cause a driving automation system feature to perform part or all of the dynamic driving task on a sustained basis. (14) "External event" is a situation in the driving environment that necessitates a response by a human driver with a valid driver license or driving automation system. (15) "Fallback-ready user" means the user of a vehicle equipped with an engaged level three ADS who is: (a) a human driver with a valid driver license; and (b) ready to operate the vehicle if: (i) a system failure occurs; or (ii) the ADS issues a request to intervene. (16) (a) "Human driver" means a natural person who performs in real-time all or part of the dynamic driving task. (b) "Human driver" includes a: (i) conventional driver; and (ii) remote driver. (17) "Level five ADS" means a level five automated driving system as defined in SAE International Standard J3016_202104, "Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles," April 2021 edition, as adopted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (18) "Level four ADS" means a level four automated driving system as defined in SAE International Standard J3016_202104, "Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles," April 2021 edition, as adopted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (19) "Level three ADS" means a level three automated driving system as defined in SAE International Standard J3016_202104, "Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles," April 2021 edition, as adopted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (20) "Level two DAS" means a level two driving automation system as defined in SAE International Standard J3016_202104, "Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles," April 2021 edition, as adopted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (21) "Minimal risk condition" means a condition to which a user or an ADS may bring a motor vehicle in order to reduce the risk of a crash when a given trip cannot or should not be completed. (22) "Object and event detection and response" means the subtasks of the dynamic driving task that include: (a) monitoring the driving environment; and (b) executing an appropriate response in order to perform the dynamic driving task. (23) "On-demand autonomous vehicle network" means a transportation service network that uses a software application or other digital means to dispatch or otherwise enable the prearrangement of transportation with motor vehicles that have a level four or five ADS in driverless operation for purposes of transporting persons, including for-hire transportation and transportation for compensation. (24) "Operate" means the same as that term is defined in Section 41-1a-102. (25) "Operational design domain" means the operating conditions under which a given ADS or feature thereof is specifically designed to function, including: (a) speed range, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions; or (b) the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics. (26) "Operator" means the same as that term is defined in Section 41-6a-102. (27) "Passenger" means a user on board a vehicle who has no role in the operation of that vehicle. (28) "Person" means the same as that term is defined in Section 41-6a-102. (29) "Remote driver" means a human driver with a valid driver license who is not located in a position to manually exercise in-vehicle braking, accelerating, steering, or transmission gear selection input devices, but operates the vehicle. (30) "Request to intervene" means the notification by an ADS to a fallback-ready user indicating that the fallback-ready user should promptly begin or resume operation of the vehicle. (31) "Sustained operation of a motor vehicle" means the performance of part or all of the dynamic driving task both between and across external events, including response to external events and continued performance of part or all of the dynamic driving task in the absence of external events. (32) "System failure" means a malfunction in a driving automation system or other vehicle system that prevents the ADS from reliably performing the portion of the dynamic driving task on a sustained basis, including the complete dynamic driving task. (33) "User" means a: (a) human driver; (b) passenger; (c) fallback-ready user; or (d) driverless operation dispatcher.
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