North Dakota Code § 59-18-08

(1008) Exculpation of trustee
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1. A term of a trust relieving a trustee of liability for breach of trust is unenforceable to the 
extent that the term relieves the trustee of liability for breach of trust committed in bad 
faith or with reckless indifference to the purposes of the trust or was inserted as the 
result of an abuse by the trustee of a fiduciary or confidential relationship to the settlor.
2. Unless the settlor was represented by an attorney not employed by the trustee with 
respect to the trust containing the exculpatory term, an exculpatory term drafted or 
caused to be drafted by the trustee is invalid as an abuse of a fiduciary or confidential 
relationship unless the trustee proves that the exculpatory term is fair under the 
circumstances and that its existence and contents were adequately communicated to 
the settlor.

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