North Dakota Code § 45-22-01

Definitions
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In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. "Address" means:
a. In the case of a registered office or principal executive office, the mailing address, 
including the zip code, of the actual office location which may not be only a 
post-office box; and
b. In all other cases, the mailing address, including the zip code.
2. "Authenticated electronic communication" means:
a. That the electronic communication is delivered:
(1) To the principal place of business of the limited liability partnership; or
(2) To a partner or agent of the limited liability partnership authorized by the 
limited liability partnership to receive the electronic communication; and
b. That the electronic communication sets forth information from which the limited 
liability partnership can reasonably conclude that the electronic communication 
was sent by the purported sender.
3. "Domestic limited liability partnership" means a partnership formed by two or more 
persons under this chapter with a registration in effect and which is not a foreign 
limited liability partnership.
4. "Domestic organization" means an organization created under the laws of this state.
5. "Electronic" means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, 
optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.
6. "Electronic communication" means any form of communication, not directly involving 
the physical transmission of paper:
a. That creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient 
of the communication; and
b. That may be directly reproduced in paper form by the recipient through an 
automated process.
7. "Electronic record" means a record created, generated, sent, communicated, received, 
or stored by electronic means.
8. "Electronic signature" means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or 
logically associated with a record and signed or adopted by a person with the intent to 
sign the record.
9. "Filed with the secretary of state" means, except as otherwise permitted by law or rule:
a. That a record meeting the applicable requirements of this chapter, together with 
the fees provided in section 45 -22-23, has been delivered or communicated to 
the secretary of state by a method or medium of communication acceptable by 
the secretary of state and has been determined by the secretary of state to 
conform to law.
b. That the secretary of state did then:
(1) Record the actual date on which the record was filed, and if different, the 
effective date of filing; and
(2) Record the record in the office of the secretary of state.
10. "Foreign limited liability partnership" means a partnership formed by two or more 
persons as a limited liability partnership under the laws of a jurisdiction other than this 
state which is in good standing in its jurisdiction of origin.
11. "Foreign organization" means an organization created under laws other than the laws 
of this state for a purpose for which the organization may be created under the laws of 
this state.
12. "Jurisdiction of origin" means the jurisdiction in which the limited liability partnership 
status of the foreign limited liability partnership was created.
13. "Limited liability partnership" means a domestic limited liability partnership or a foreign 
limited liability partnership.

14. "Managing partner" means a partner charged with the management of the limited 
liability partnership or foreign limited liability partnership in this state and if no partners 
are so specifically designated, then all partners.
15. "Notice":
a. Is given to a limited liability partnership:
(1) When in writing and mailed or delivered to a managing partner at the 
registered office or principal executive office of the limited liability 
partnership; or
(2) When given by a form of electronic communication consented to by a 
managing partner of the limited liability partnership to which the notice is 
given if by:
(a) Facsimile communication, when directed to a telephone number at 
which a managing partner of the limited liability partnership or the 
partner has consented to receive notice.
(b) Electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which a 
managing partner of the limited liability partnership has consented to 
receive notice.
(c) Posting on an electronic network on which a managing partner of the 
limited liability partnership has consented to receive notice, together 
with separate notice to the limited liability partnership if the specific 
posting, upon the later of:
[1] The posting; or
[2] The giving of the separate notice.
(d) Any other form of electronic communication by which a managing 
partner of the limited liability partnership has consented to receive 
notice, when directed to the limited liability partnership.
b. Is given to a partner of the limited liability partnership:
(1) When in writing and mailed or delivered to the partner at the registered 
office or at the principal executive office of the limited liability partnership; or
(2) When given by a form of electronic communication consented to by the 
partner to which the notice is given if by:
(a) Facsimile communication, when directed to a telephone number at 
which the partner has consented to receive notice;
(b) Electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which 
the partner has consented to receive notice;
(c) Posting on an electronic network on which the partner has consented 
to receive notice, together with separate notice to the partner of the 
specific posting, upon the later of:
[1] The posting; or
[2] The giving of the separate notice; or
(d) Any other form of electronic communication by which the partner has 
consented to receive notice, when directed to the partner.
c. Is given in all other cases:
(1) When mailed to the person at an address designated by the person or at the 
last-known address of the person;
(2) When deposited with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service for 
overnight delivery or, if overnight delivery to the person is not available, for 
delivery as promptly as practicable, to the person at an address designated 
by the person or at the last-known address of the person;
(3) When handed to the person;
(4) When left at the office of the person with a clerk or other person in charge of 
the office or:
(a) If there is no one in charge, when left in a conspicuous place in the 
office; or

(b) If the office is closed or the person to be notified has no office, when 
left at the dwelling house or usual place of abode of the person with 
some person of suitable age and discretion then residing there; 
(5) When given by a form of electronic communication consented to by the 
person to whom the notice is given if by:
(a) Facsimile communication, when directed to a telephone number at 
which the person has consented to receive notice;
(b) Electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which 
the person has consented to receive notice;
(c) Posting on an electronic network on which the person has consented 
to receive notice, together with separate notice to the person of the 
specific posting, upon the later of:
[1] The posting; or
[2] The giving of the separate notice; or
(d) Any other form of electronic communication by which the person has 
consented to receive notice, when directed to the person; or
(6) When the method is fair and reasonable when all circumstances are 
considered.
d. Is given by mail when deposited in the United States mail with sufficient postage 
affixed.
e. Is given by deposit for delivery when deposited for delivery as provided in 
paragraph 2 of subdivision c, after having made sufficient arrangements for 
payment by the sender.
f. Is deemed received when it is given.
16. "Organization":
a. Means, whether domestic or foreign, a corporation, limited liability company, 
general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability 
limited partnership, or any other person subject to a governing statute; but
b. Excludes:
(1) A nonprofit corporation, whether a domestic nonprofit corporation which is 
incorporated under chapter 10-33 or a foreign nonprofit corporation which is 
incorporated in another jurisdiction; or
(2) Any nonprofit limited liability company, whether a domestic nonprofit limited 
liability company which is organized under chapter 10 -36 or a foreign 
nonprofit limited liability company which is organized in another jurisdiction.
17. "Originally registered" and "original registration" means the record establishing the 
limited liability partnership status of the foreign limited liability partnership in the 
jurisdiction of origin of the foreign limited liability partnership.
18. "Partnership" means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners 
of a business for profit formed under chapters 45 -13 through 45-21, predecessor law, 
or comparable law of another jurisdiction.
19. "Principal executive office" means:
a. An office from which the limited liability partnership conducts business; or
b. If the limited liability partnership has no office from which the limited liability 
partnership conducts business, the registered office of the limited liability 
partnership.
20. "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in 
an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.
21. "Register" means the act of filing with the secretary of state which causes:
a. A domestic limited liability partnership to be created; or
b. A foreign limited liability partnership to be authorized to transact business in this 
state.
22. "Registered office" means the place in this state designated as the registered office of 
the limited liability partnership or foreign limited liability partnership.
23. "Registration" means the record which, when filed with the secretary of state, causes:
a. A domestic limited liability partnership to be created; or

b. A foreign limited liability partnership to be authorized to do business in this state.
24. "Signed" means:
a. That the signature of a person which may be a facsimile affixed, engraved, 
printed, placed, stamped with indelible ink, transmitted by telecommunication or 
electronically, or in any other manner reproduced on the record, is placed on a 
record with the present intention to authenticate that record; and
b. With respect to a record required by this chapter to be filed with the secretary of 
state means that:
(1) The record is signed by a person authorized to do so by this chapter, or by 
or pursuant to an agreement among the partners, or by a resolution 
approved by the affirmative vote of the required proportion or number of 
partners; and
(2) The signature and the record are communicated by a method or medium of 
communication acceptable by the secretary of state.

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