North Dakota Code § 41-02-33

(2-316) Exclusion or modification of warranties
Open in Lexace · Ask the AI about this section
1. Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or 
conduct tending to negate or limit warranty shall be construed whenever reasonable 
as consistent with each other; but subject to the provisions of this chapter on parol or 
extrinsic evidence (section 41-02-09), negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent 
that such construction is unreasonable.
2. Subject to subsection 3, to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or 
any part of it the language must mention merchantability and in case of a writing must 
be conspicuous, and to exclude or modify any implied warranty of fitness the exclusion 
must be by a writing and conspicuous. Language to exclude all implied warranties of 
fitness is sufficient if it states, for example, that "There are no warranties which extend 
beyond the description on the face hereof".
3. Notwithstanding subsection 2:
a. Unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, all implied warranties are excluded 
by expressions like "as is", "with all faults", or other language which in common 
understanding calls the buyer's attention to the exclusion of warranties and 
makes plain that there is no implied warranty.
b. When the buyer before entering into the contract has examined the goods or the 
sample or model as fully as the buyer desired or has refused to examine the 
goods, there is no implied warranty with regard to defects which an examination 
ought in the circumstances to have revealed to the buyer.

c. An implied warranty can also be excluded or modified by course of dealing or 
course of performance or usage of trade.
d. The implied warranties of merchantability and fitness shall not be applicable to a 
contract for the sale of human blood, blood plasma, or other human tissue or 
organs from a blood bank or reservoir of such other tissues or organs. Such 
blood, blood plasma, or tissue or organs shall not for the purposes of this chapter 
be considered commodities subject to sale or barter, but shall be considered as 
medical services.
e. With respect to the sale of cattle, hogs, sheep, and horses, there shall be no 
implied warranty that cattle, hogs, sheep, and horses are free from sickness or 
disease at the time the sale is consummated, conditioned upon reasonable 
showing by the seller that all state and federal regulations pertaining to animal 
health were complied with.
4. Remedies for breach of warranty can be limited in accordance with the provisions of 
this chapter on liquidation or limitation of damages and on contractual modification of 
remedy (sections 41-02-97 and 41-02-98).

‹ Prev All North Dakota sections Next ›


Lexace provides legal information, not legal advice, and no attorney–client relationship is created. Statute text is provided for general information and may not reflect the most recent amendments; verify against the official state code.