North Dakota Code § 38-18-03

Purpose and interpretation
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It is the purpose of this chapter to provide the maximum amount of constitutionally 
permissible protection to surface owners from the undesirable effects of development, without 
their consent, of minerals underlying their surface. This chapter is to be interpreted in light of the 
legislative intent expressed herein. The provisions of this chapter shall be interpreted to benefit 
surface owners, regardless of how the mineral estate was separated from the surface estate 
and regardless of who executed the document which gave the mineral developer the right to 
conduct mining operations on the land.

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