In this chapter, the following definitions apply on or after the operative date of the valuation manual: 1. "Accident and health insurance" means a contract that incorporates morbidity risk and provides protection against economic loss resulting from accident, sickness, or medical conditions and as may be specified in the valuation manual. 2. "Appointed actuary" means a qualified actuary who is appointed in accordance with the valuation manual to prepare the actuarial opinion required in subsection 2 of section 26.1-35-01.1. 3. "Deposit-type contract" means a contract that does not incorporate mortality or morbidity risks and as may be specified in the valuation manual. 4. "Insurer" means an entity that has written, issued, or reinsured life insurance contracts, accident and health insurance contracts, or deposit-type contracts in this state: a. And has at least one such policy in force or on claim; or b. Is required to hold a certificate of authority to write life insurance, accident and health insurance, or deposit-type contracts in this state. 5. "Life insurance " means a contract that incorporates mortality risk, including annuity and pure endowment contracts, and as may be specified in the valuation manual. 6. "Policyholder behavior" means any action a policyholder, contract holder, or any other person with the right to elect options, such as a certificate holder, may take under a policy or contract subject to this chapter, including lapse, withdrawal, transfer, deposit, premium payment, loan, annuitization, or benefit elections prescribed by the policy or contract. The term does not include events of mortality or morbidity that result in benefits prescribed in their essential aspects by the terms of the policy or contract. 7. "Principle-based valuation" means a reserve valuation that uses one or more methods or one or more assumptions determined by the insurer and is required to comply with section 26.1-35-12 as specified in the valuation manual. 8. "Qualified actuary" means an individual who is qualified to sign the applicable statement of actuarial opinion in accordance with the American academy of actuaries qualification standards for actuaries signing such statements and who meets the requirements specified in the valuation manual. 9. "Tail risk" means a risk that occurs either when the frequency of low probability events is higher than expected under a normal probability distribution or when there are observed events of very significant size or magnitude. 10. "Valuation manual" means the manual of valuation instructions adopted by the national association of insurance commissioners and approved by the commissioner as specified in this chapter.
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