North Dakota Code § 26.1-10-02

Subsidiaries of insurers
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1. Any domestic insurer, either by itself or in cooperation with one or more persons, may 
organize or acquire one or more subsidiaries. A subsidiary may conduct any kind of 
business and its authority to do so is not limited because it is a subsidiary of a 
domestic insurer.
2. In addition to investments in common stock, preferred stock, debt obligations, and 
other securities permitted under all other sections of this chapter , a domestic insurer 
may also:
a. Invest, in common stock, preferred stock, debt obligations, and other securities of 
one or more subsidiaries, amounts which do not exceed the lesser of ten percent 
of the insurer's assets or fifty percent of the insurer's surplus as regards 
policyholders; provided, that after the investments the insurer's surplus as 
regards policyholders will be reasonable in relation to the insurer's outstanding 
liabilities and adequate to meet its financial needs. In calculating the amount of 
the investments, investments in domestic or foreign insurance subsidiaries and 
health maintenance organizations shall be excluded, and there must be included:
(1) Total net moneys or other consideration expended and obligations assumed 
in the acquisition or formation of a subsidiary, including all organizational 
expenses and contributions to capital and surplus of such subsidiary 
whether or not represented by the purchase of capital stock or issuance of 
other securities; and
(2) All amounts expended in acquiring additional common stock, preferred 
stock, debt obligations, and other securities, and all contributions to the 
capital or surplus of a subsidiary subsequent to its acquisition or formation.
b. Invest any amount in common stock, preferred stock, debt obligations, and other 
securities of one or more subsidiaries engaged or organized to engage 
exclusively in the ownership and management of assets authorized as 
investments for the insurer, provided that each subsidiary agrees to limit its 
investments in any asset so that the investments will not cause the amount of the 
total investment of the insurer to exceed any of the investment limitations 
specified in subdivision a. "The total investment of the insurer" includes:
(1) Any direct investment by the insurer in an asset; and
(2) The insurer's proportionate share of any investment in an asset by any 
subsidiary of the insurer which must be calculated by multiplying the amount 
of the subsidiary's investment by the percentage of the ownership of the 
subsidiary.

c. With the approval of the commissioner, invest any greater amount in common 
stock, preferred stock, debt obligations, or other securities of one or more 
subsidiaries; provided, that after the investment the insurer's surplus as regards 
policyholders will be reasonable in relation to the insurer's outstanding liabilities 
and adequate to its financial needs.
3. Investments in common stock, preferred stock, debt obligations, or other securities of 
subsidiaries made pursuant to subsection 2 are not subject to any of the otherwise 
applicable restrictions or prohibitions applicable to such investments of an insurer.
4. Whether any investment pursuant to subsection 2 meets the applicable requirements 
thereof is to be determined before the investment is made, by calculating the 
applicable investment limitations as though the investment had already been made, 
taking into account the then outstanding principal balance on all previous investments 
in debt obligations, and the value of all previous investments in equity securities as of 
the date they were made net of any return of capital invested, not including dividends.
5. If an insurer ceases to control a subsidiary, it shall dispose of any investment therein 
made pursuant to this section within three years from the time of the cessation of 
control or within such further time as the commissioner prescribes, unless at any time 
after the investment has been made, the investment has met the requirements for 
investment under any other section, and the insurer has so notified the commissioner.

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