1. Except as provided in subsection 2, the department of environmental quality may not adopt any rule for the purpose of the state administering a program under the federal Clean Air Act [42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.]; federal Clean Water Act [33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.]; federal Safe Drinking Water Act [42 U.S.C. 300 et seq.]; federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act [42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.]; federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act [42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.]; federal Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act of 1986 [42 U.S.C. 11001 et seq.]; federal Toxic Substances Control Act [42 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.]; or federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.]; which is more stringent than corresponding federal regulations that address the same circumstances. In adopting the rules, the department may incorporate by reference corresponding federal regulations. 2. The department may adopt rules more stringent than corresponding federal regulations or adopt rules where there are no corresponding federal regulations, for the purposes described in subsection 1, only if the department makes a written finding after public comment and hearing and based upon evidence in the record, that corresponding federal regulations are not adequate to protect the public health and the environment of the state. Those findings must be supported by an opinion of the department referring to and evaluating the public health and environmental information and studies contained in the record which form the basis for the department's conclusions. 3. If the department, upon petition by any person affected by a rule of the department, identifies rules more stringent than federal regulations or rules where there are no corresponding federal regulations, the department shall review and revise those rules to comply with this section within nine months of the filing of the petition. 4. Any person issued a notice of violation, or a denial of a permit or other approval, based upon a rule of the department which is more stringent than a corresponding federal regulation or where there is no corresponding federal regulation, may assert a partial defense to that notice, or a partial challenge to that denial, on the basis and to the extent the department's rule violates this section by imposing requirements more stringent than corresponding federal regulations, unless the more stringent rule of the department has been adopted in compliance with this section.
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