New York Uniform Commercial Code Code § 7-106

Control of Electronic Document of Title
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* Section 7--106. Control of Electronic Document of Title.\n  (a) A person has control of an electronic document of title if a\nsystem employed for evidencing the transfer of interests in the\nelectronic document reliably establishes that person as the person to\nwhich the electronic document was issued or transferred.\n  (b) A system satisfies subsection (a), and a person is deemed to have\ncontrol of an electronic document of title, if the document is created,\nstored and assigned in such a manner that:\n  (1) a single authoritative copy of the document exists which is\nunique, identifiable, and, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs\n(4), (5), and (6), unalterable;\n  (2) the authoritative copy identifies the person asserting control as:\n  (A) the person to which the document was issued; or\n  (B) if the authoritative copy indicates that the document has been\ntransferred, the person to which the document was most recently\ntransferred;\n  (3) the authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the\nperson asserting control or its designated custodian;\n  (4) copies or amendments that add or change an identified assignee of\nthe authoritative copy can be made only with the consent of the person\nasserting control;\n  (5) each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is\nreadily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and\n  (6) any amendment of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as\nauthorized or unauthorized.\n  * NB Effective until June 3, 2026\n* Section 7--106. Control of Electronic Document of Title.\n  (a) A person has control of an electronic document of title if a\nsystem employed for evidencing the transfer of interests in the\nelectronic document reliably establishes that person as the person to\nwhich the electronic document was issued or transferred.\n  (b) A system satisfies subsection (a), and a person has control of an\nelectronic document of title, if the document is created, stored and\ntransferred in a manner that:\n  (1) a single authoritative copy of the document exists which is\nunique, identifiable, and, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs\n(4), (5), and (6), unalterable;\n  (2) the authoritative copy identifies the person asserting control as:\n  (A) the person to which the document was issued; or\n  (B) if the authoritative copy indicates that the document has been\ntransferred, the person to which the document was most recently\ntransferred;\n  (3) the authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the\nperson asserting control or its designated custodian;\n  (4) copies or amendments that add or change an identified transferee\nof the authoritative copy can be made only with the consent of the\nperson asserting control;\n  (5) each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is\nreadily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and\n  (6) any amendment of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as\nauthorized or unauthorized.\n  (c) A system satisfies subsection (a), and a person has control of an\nelectronic document of title, if an authoritative electronic copy of the\ndocument, a record attached to or logically associated with the\nelectronic copy, or a system in which the electronic copy is recorded:\n  (1) enables the person readily to identify each electronic copy as\neither an authoritative copy or a nonauthoritative copy;\n  (2) enables the person readily to identify itself in any way,\nincluding by name, identifying number, cryptographic key, office, or\naccount number, as the person to which each authoritative electronic\ncopy was issued or transferred; and\n  (3) gives the person exclusive power, subject to subsection (d), to:\n  (A) prevent others from adding or changing the person to which each\nauthoritative electronic copy has been issued or transferred; and\n  (B) transfer control of each authoritative electronic copy.\n  (d) Subject to subsection (e), a power is exclusive unde

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