§ 190. Civil actions for false claims. 1. Civil enforcement actions.\nThe attorney general shall have the authority to investigate violations\nunder section one hundred eighty-nine of this article. If the attorney\ngeneral believes that a person has violated or is violating such\nsection, then the attorney general may bring a civil action on behalf of\nthe people of the state of New York or on behalf of a local government\nagainst such person. A local government also shall have the authority to\ninvestigate violations that may have resulted in damages to such local\ngovernment under section one hundred eighty-nine of this article, and\nmay bring a civil action on its own behalf, or on behalf of any\nsubdivision of such local government, to recover damages sustained by\nsuch local government as a result of such violations. No action may be\nfiled pursuant to this subdivision against the federal government, the\nstate or a local government, or any officer or employee thereof acting\nin his or her official capacity. The attorney general shall consult with\nthe office of medicaid inspector general prior to filing any action\nrelated to the medicaid program.\n 2. Qui tam civil actions. (a) Any person may bring a qui tam civil\naction for a violation of section one hundred eighty-nine of this\narticle on behalf of the person and the people of the state of New York\nor a local government. No action may be filed pursuant to this\nsubdivision against the federal government, the state or a local\ngovernment, or any officer or employee thereof acting in his or her\nofficial capacity.\n For purposes of subparagraphs (i) and (iv) of paragraph (a) of\nsubdivision eight of section seventy-three of the public officers law,\nany activity by a former government employee in connection with the\nsecuring of rights, protections or benefits related to preparing or\nfiling an action under this article shall not be deemed to be an\nappearance or practice before any agency.\n (b) A copy of the complaint and written disclosure of substantially\nall material evidence and information the person possesses shall be\nserved on the state pursuant to subdivision one of section three hundred\nseven of the civil practice law and rules. Any complaint filed in a\ncourt of the state of New York shall be filed in supreme court in\ncamera, shall remain under seal for at least sixty days, and shall not\nbe served on the defendant until the court so orders. The seal shall not\npreclude the attorney general, a local government, or the qui tam\nplaintiff from serving the complaint, any other pleadings, or the\nwritten disclosure of substantially all material evidence and\ninformation possessed by the person bringing the action, on relevant\nstate or local government agencies, or on law enforcement authorities of\nthe state, a local government, or other jurisdictions, so that the\nactions may be investigated or prosecuted, except that such seal applies\nto the agencies or authorities so served to the same extent as the seal\napplies to other parties in the action.\n If the allegations in the complaint allege a violation of section one\nhundred eighty-nine of this article involving damages to a local\ngovernment, then the attorney general may at any time provide a copy of\nsuch complaint and written disclosure to the attorney for such local\ngovernment; provided, however, that if the allegations in the complaint\ninvolve damages only to a city with a population of one million or more,\nor only to the state and such a city, then the attorney general shall\nprovide such complaint and written disclosure to the corporation counsel\nof such city within thirty days.\n The state may elect to supersede or intervene and proceed with the\naction, or to authorize a local government that may have sustained\ndamages to supersede or intervene, within sixty days after it receives\nboth the complaint and the material evidence and information; provided,\nhowever, that if the allegati
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