Except where the context clearly indicates otherwise, as used in this Code: (1) "Act" includes a failure or omission to perform a legal duty. (2) "City" means a city, town, village, or other municipality. (3) "Convicted" means adjudicated guilty after a plea or after trial on the merits. (4) "Defendant" means a person who has been charged with or accused of an offense. (5) "District Attorney" includes an assistant district attorney, and where the prosecution is in a city court, includes the prosecuting officer of that court. (6) "Indictment" includes information and affidavit, unless it is the clear intent to restrict that word to the finding of a grand jury. (7) "Institution of prosecution" means the finding of an indictment, or the filing of an information, or affidavit, which is designed to serve as the basis of a trial. (8) "Oath" includes affirmation. (9) "Person" includes an individual, partnership, unincorporated association of individuals, joint stock company, or corporation. (10) "State" includes a city or other political subdivision of the state. (11) "Statute" and "criminal law" mean a criminal statute, a constitutional provision, or an ordinance of a city or other political subdivision of the state. (12) "Trial on the merits" means trial on the issue of guilt or innocence.
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