Colorado Code § 12-30-113

Out-of-network health-care providers - out-of-network services - billing - payment - deceptive trade practice
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(1) If an out-of-network health-care provider provides
emergency services or covered nonemergency services to a covered person at an in-network
facility, the out-of-network provider shall:
(a) Submit a claim for the entire cost of the services to the covered person's carrier; and
(b) Not bill or collect payment from a covered person for any outstanding balance for
covered services not paid by the carrier, except for the applicable in-network coinsurance,
deductible, or copayment amount required to be paid by the covered person.
(2) (a) If an out-of-network health-care provider provides covered nonemergency
services at an in-network facility or emergency services at an out-of-network or in-network
facility and the health-care provider receives payment from the covered person for services for
which the covered person is not responsible pursuant to section 10-16-704 (3)(b) or (5.5), the
health-care provider shall reimburse the covered person within sixty calendar days after the date
that the overpayment was reported to the provider.
(b) An out-of-network health-care provider that fails to reimburse a covered person as
required by subsection (2)(a) of this section for an overpayment shall pay interest on the
overpayment at the rate of ten percent per annum beginning on the date the provider received the
notice of the overpayment. The covered person is not required to request the accrued interest
from the out-of-network health-care provider in order to receive interest with the reimbursement
amount.
(3) An out-of-network health-care provider shall provide a covered person a written
estimate of the amount for which the covered person may be responsible for covered
nonemergency services within three business days after a request from the covered person.
(4) (a) An out-of-network health-care provider must send a claim for a covered service
to the carrier within one hundred eighty days after the receipt of insurance information in order
to receive reimbursement as specified in this subsection (4)(a). The reimbursement rate is the
greater of:
(I) One hundred ten percent of the carrier's median in-network rate of reimbursement for
that service provided in the same geographic area; or
(II) The sixtieth percentile of the in-network rate of reimbursement for the same service
in the same geographic area for the prior year based on claims data from the all-payer health
claims database described in section 25.5-1-204.
(b) If the out-of-network health-care provider submits a claim for covered services after
the one-hundred-eighty-day period specified in subsection (4)(a) of this section, the carrier shall
reimburse the health-care provider one hundred twenty-five percent of the medicare
reimbursement rate for the same services in the same geographic area.
(c) The health-care provider shall not bill a covered person any outstanding balance for a
covered service not paid for by the carrier, except for any coinsurance, deductible, or copayment
amount required to be paid by the covered person.
(5) A health-care provider may initiate arbitration pursuant to section 10-16-704 (15) if
the health-care provider believes the payment made pursuant to subsection (4) of this section is
not sufficient.
(6) A violation of this section is a deceptive trade practice pursuant to section 6-1-105
(1)(xxx).

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