(a) The Legislature hereby finds and declares that California has been required, by the amendments enacted to the Clean Air Act in 1990, and by regulations adopted by the Environmental Protection Agency, to enhance Californiaâs existing motor vehicle inspection and maintenance program to meet new, more stringent emission reduction targets. Therefore, the Legislature declares that the 1994 amendments to this chapter are adopted to implement further improvements in the existing inspection and maintenance program so that California will meet or exceed the new emission reduction targets. (b) The Legislature further finds and declares all of the following: (1) California is recognized as a leader in establishing performance standards for its air quality programs and those standards have been adopted by many other states and countries. (2) Studies show that a minority of motor vehicles produce a disproportionate amount of the pollution caused by vehicle emissions. Those vehicles are referred to as gross polluters. (3) The concept of periodic testing alone does not act as a sufficient deterrent to tampering, or as a sufficient incentive for vigilant vehicle maintenance by a significant percentage of motorists. Gross polluters continue to be driven on the roadways of California. (4) (A) New technology, known as remote sensing, offers great promise as a cost-effective means to detect vehicles emitting excess emissions as the vehicles are being driven. This type of detection offers many valuable applications, especially its use between scheduled tests, as an inexpensive, random, and pervasive means of identifying vehicles which are gross polluters and targeting those vehicles for repair or other methods of emission reduction. (B) Another new technology, the development of emissions profiles for motor vehicles, allows the motor vehicle inspection program to accurately identify both high- and low-emitting vehicles. This technology may allow the full or partial exception of certain vehicles from biennial certification requirements to the extent determined by the department. (5) California continues to seek strict adherence to federal and state performance standards and to results-based evaluations that meet the stateâs unique circumstances, and which consist of all of the following: (A) Acceptance of the shared obligation and personal responsibility required to successfully inspect and maintain millions of motor vehicles. Specifically, that obligation begins with this chapter, and extends through those regulators charged with its implementation and enforcement. Through the enactment of the 1994 amendments to this chapter, the Legislature hereby recognizes and seeks to encourage, through a number of innovative and significant steps, the critical role that each California motorist must play in maintaining his or her vehicleâs emission control systems in proper working order, in such a way as to continuously meet mandated emission control standards and ensure for California the clean air essential to the health of its citizens, its communities, and its economy. (B) A focus on the detection, diagnosis, and repair of broken, tampered, or malfunctioning vehicle emission control systems. (C) Flexibility to incorporate and implement future new scientific findings and technological advances. (D) Consideration of convenience and costs to those who are required to participate, including motorists, smog check stations, and technicians. (E) An enforcement program which is vigorous and effective and includes monitoring of the performance of the smog check test or repair stations and technicians, as well as the monitoring of vehicle emissions as vehicles are being driven. (c) The Legislature further finds and declares that California is, as of the effective date of this section, implementing a number of motor vehicle emission reduction strategies far beyond the effort undertaken by any other state, including all of the following: (1) California cer
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