(a) A new motor vehicle sold in California shall meet the emission standards adopted by the state board, and a manufacturer who sells, attempts to sell, or causes to be offered for sale a new motor vehicle that fails to meet the applicable emission standards shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed thirty-seven thousand five hundred dollars ($37,500) for each such action. (b) For purposes of calculating the penalty for failure to meet zero-emission vehicle credit requirements pursuant to Sections 1962, 1962.1, and 1962.2 of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations or any subsequent or related regulation, the civil penalty shall not exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000) per zero-emission vehicle credit. (c) The state board shall adjust the maximum penalty specified in subdivisions (a) and (b) for inflation based on the California Consumer Price Index. The adjustment shall be exempt from the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code). (d) Any penalty recovered pursuant to this section shall be deposited into the General Fund.
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