(a) The Legislature finds and declares all of the following: (1) It is in the public interest that all Californians receive health care that is accessible, affordable, equitable, high-quality, and universal. (2) While California has reduced the uninsured share of its population to a historic low of 7 percent through implementation of the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA: Public Law 111-148) and other state efforts, affordability has reached a crisis point as health care costs continue to grow. (3) As costs rise, employers are increasingly shifting the cost of premiums and deductibles to employees, negatively impacting the potential for wage growth. Between 2010 and 2018, wages in the state kept pace with inflation by increasing by 19 percent. Meanwhile, families with job-based coverage experienced a 45 percent increase in premiums, or more than twice the rate of wage growth. During the same period, families experienced a 70 percent increase in PPO deductibles, or nearly four times the rate of wage growth. While health insurance premium increases for 2021 may be considered moderate due to lower utilization of preventive, routine, and nonemergency services as a result of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, this abatement in health care cost growth is expected to be temporary. (4) Escalating health care costs are being driven primarily by high prices and the underlying factors or market conditions that drive prices, particularly in geographic areas and sectors where there is a lack of competition due to consolidation, market power, venture capital activity, the role of profit margins, and other market failures. Consolidation through acquisitions, mergers, or corporate affiliations is pervasive across the industry and involves health care service plans, health insurers, hospitals, physician organizations, pharmacy benefit managers, and other health care entities. Further, market consolidation occurs in various forms, including horizontal, vertical, and cross industry mergers, transitions from nonprofit to for-profit status or vice versa, and any combination involving for-profit and nonprofit entities, such as a nonprofit entity merging with, acquiring, or entering into a corporate affiliation with a for-profit entity or vice versa. (5) Californians of color experience health disparities, including barriers to accessing care, receiving lower quality of care, lack of access to culturally and linguistically competent care, and experiencing worse health outcomes. Certain communities, including low-income, Black, Latino, Pacific Islander, and essential workers, have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 in terms of higher rates of infection, hospitalizations, and deaths. These negative health outcomes further highlight a public health imperative to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health care. (6) The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities within the current system with regard to provider payments. Physician fee-for-service payment has increased over the past decade, while the use of population-based prepayment has decreased in the employer-sponsored coverage market. As Californians stayed home, the loss of fee-for-service (FFS) payment revenue for providers has downstream impacts on access to care and for health care workersâ economic security. Beyond exposing providers to considerable financial instability, FFS payments may not be the most effective way to incentivize providers to deliver high-quality and cost-efficient care or offer the flexibility to make practice changes that enable improved access, care coordination, patient engagement, and quality. (7) Primary care is foundational to an effective health care system and evidence supports that greater use of primary care has been associated with lower costs, higher patient satisfaction, reduced low birth weight, fewer hospitalizations and emergency department visits, and lower mortality, among other key outcomes. However, the
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