Evidence essay

Prompt

At a civil trial, the plaintiff offers: (a) testimony that right after a crash a bystander shouted 'the blue car ran the red light!'; (b) the defendant's post-accident repair of the brakes; and (c) the defendant's apology letter saying 'I'm so sorry, I should have braked sooner.' Discuss the admissibility of each item, identifying the relevant hearsay exceptions and exclusionary rules.